. Beek, W., Schlobach, S., & van Harmelen , F. Rough set semantics for identity on the Web, pages 587–589. AAAI Press, 2014.
abstract   bibtex   
Identity relations are at the foundation of many logic-based knowledge representations. We argue that the traditional notion of equality, is unsuited for many realistic knowledge representation settings. The classical interpretation of equality is too strong when the equality statements are re-used outside their original context. On the Semantic Web, equality statements are used to interlink multiple descriptions of the same object, using owl:sameAs assertions. And indeed, many practical uses of owl:sameAs are known to violate the formal Leibniz-style semantics. We provide a more flexible semantics to identity by assigning meaning to the subrelations of an identity relation in terms of the predicates that are used in a knowledge-base. Using those indiscernability-predicates, we define upper and lower approximations of equality in the style of rought-set theory, resulting in a quality-measure for identity relations.
@inbook{56aeef4da7c8498eac1532de8dfedce5,
  title     = "Rough set semantics for identity on the Web",
  abstract  = "Identity relations are at the foundation of many logic-based knowledge representations. We argue that the traditional notion of equality, is unsuited for many realistic knowledge representation settings. The classical interpretation of equality is too strong when the equality statements are re-used outside their original context. On the Semantic Web, equality statements are used to interlink multiple descriptions of the same object, using owl:sameAs assertions. And indeed, many practical uses of owl:sameAs are known to violate the formal Leibniz-style semantics. We provide a more flexible semantics to identity by assigning meaning to the subrelations of an identity relation in terms of the predicates that are used in a knowledge-base. Using those indiscernability-predicates, we define upper and lower approximations of equality in the style of rought-set theory, resulting in a quality-measure for identity relations.",
  author    = "Wouter Beek and Stefan Schlobach and {van Harmelen}, Frank",
  year      = "2014",
  pages     = "587--589",
  booktitle = "14th International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, KR 2014",
  publisher = "AAAI Press",
}

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