The pathophysiology of hypertension. Beevers, G., Lip, G. Y. H., & O'Brien, E. April, 2001. ![The pathophysiology of hypertension [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex There is still much uncertainty about the pathophysiology of hypertension. A small number of patients (between 2% and 5%) have an underlying renal or adrenal disease as the cause for their raised blood pressure. In the remainder, however, no clear single identifiable cause is found and their condition is labelled “essential hypertension”. A number of physiological mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, and their derangement may play a part in the development of essential hypertension. This article has been adapted from the newly published 4th edition of ABC of Hypertension . The book is available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/ The relative frequency of primary and secondary hypertension It is probable that a great many interrelated factors contribute to the raised blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and their relative roles may differ between individuals. Among the factors that have been intensively studied are salt intake, obesity and insulin resistance, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system. In the past few years, other factors have been evaluated, including genetics, endothelial dysfunction (as manifested by changes in endothelin and nitric oxide), low birth weight and intrauterine nutrition, and neurovascular anomalies. #### Physiological mechanisms involved in development of essential hypertension Maintenance of a normal blood pressure is dependent on the balance between the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Most patients with essential hypertension have a normal cardiac output but a raised peripheral resistance. Peripheral resistance is determined not by large arteries or the capillaries but by small arterioles, the walls of which contain smooth muscle cells. Contraction of smooth muscle cells is thought to be related to a rise in intracellular calcium concentration, which may explain the vasodilatory …
@article{beevers_pathophysiology_2001,
title = {The pathophysiology of hypertension},
copyright = {© 2001 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.},
url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/322/7291/912.1.full},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.322.7291.912},
abstract = {There is still much uncertainty about the pathophysiology of hypertension. A small number of patients (between 2\% and 5\%) have an underlying renal or adrenal disease as the cause for their raised blood pressure. In the remainder, however, no clear single identifiable cause is found and their condition is labelled “essential hypertension”. A number of physiological mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, and their derangement may play a part in the development of essential hypertension.
This article has been adapted from the newly published 4th edition of ABC of Hypertension . The book is available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/
The relative frequency of primary and secondary hypertension
It is probable that a great many interrelated factors contribute to the raised blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and their relative roles may differ between individuals. Among the factors that have been intensively studied are salt intake, obesity and insulin resistance, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system. In the past few years, other factors have been evaluated, including genetics, endothelial dysfunction (as manifested by changes in endothelin and nitric oxide), low birth weight and intrauterine nutrition, and neurovascular anomalies.
\#\#\#\# Physiological mechanisms involved in development of essential hypertension
Maintenance of a normal blood pressure is dependent on the balance between the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Most patients with essential hypertension have a normal cardiac output but a raised peripheral resistance. Peripheral resistance is determined not by large arteries or the capillaries but by small arterioles, the walls of which contain smooth muscle cells. Contraction of smooth muscle cells is thought to be related to a rise in intracellular calcium concentration, which may explain the vasodilatory …},
language = {en},
urldate = {2024-11-04},
author = {Beevers, Gareth and Lip, Gregory Y. H. and O'Brien, Eoin},
month = apr,
year = {2001},
}
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This article has been adapted from the newly published 4th edition of ABC of Hypertension . The book is available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/ The relative frequency of primary and secondary hypertension It is probable that a great many interrelated factors contribute to the raised blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and their relative roles may differ between individuals. Among the factors that have been intensively studied are salt intake, obesity and insulin resistance, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system. In the past few years, other factors have been evaluated, including genetics, endothelial dysfunction (as manifested by changes in endothelin and nitric oxide), low birth weight and intrauterine nutrition, and neurovascular anomalies. #### Physiological mechanisms involved in development of essential hypertension Maintenance of a normal blood pressure is dependent on the balance between the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Most patients with essential hypertension have a normal cardiac output but a raised peripheral resistance. Peripheral resistance is determined not by large arteries or the capillaries but by small arterioles, the walls of which contain smooth muscle cells. 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In the remainder, however, no clear single identifiable cause is found and their condition is labelled “essential hypertension”. A number of physiological mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, and their derangement may play a part in the development of essential hypertension.\n\nThis article has been adapted from the newly published 4th edition of ABC of Hypertension . The book is available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/\n\n\n\nThe relative frequency of primary and secondary hypertension\n\n\n\nIt is probable that a great many interrelated factors contribute to the raised blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and their relative roles may differ between individuals. Among the factors that have been intensively studied are salt intake, obesity and insulin resistance, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system. In the past few years, other factors have been evaluated, including genetics, endothelial dysfunction (as manifested by changes in endothelin and nitric oxide), low birth weight and intrauterine nutrition, and neurovascular anomalies.\n\n\\#\\#\\#\\# Physiological mechanisms involved in development of essential hypertension\n\nMaintenance of a normal blood pressure is dependent on the balance between the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Most patients with essential hypertension have a normal cardiac output but a raised peripheral resistance. Peripheral resistance is determined not by large arteries or the capillaries but by small arterioles, the walls of which contain smooth muscle cells. Contraction of smooth muscle cells is thought to be related to a rise in intracellular calcium concentration, which may explain the vasodilatory …},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-11-04},\n\tauthor = {Beevers, Gareth and Lip, Gregory Y. 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