Implementation of a Variable Stiffness Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomers: A Feasibility Study. Berselli, G., Vertechy, R., Babič, M., & Parenti Castelli, V. In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS 2012, pages 497, sep, 2012. ASME.
Implementation of a Variable Stiffness Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomers: A Feasibility Study [link]Paper  Implementation of a Variable Stiffness Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomers: A Feasibility Study [pdf]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Dielectric Elastomers (DE) seem to be a promising tech- nology for the implementation of light and compact Variable Stiffness Actuators (VSAs), thanks to their large power densi- ties, low costs and shock-insensitivity. Nonetheless, the de- velopment of DE-based VSA is not trivial owing to the rele- vant dissipative phenomena that affect the DE when subjected to rapidly changing deformations. In this context, the purpose of the present paper is to investigate the practical feasibility of DE-based VSA. As a case study, two conically-shaped actuators, in agonistic-antagonistic configuration, are modeled accounting for the visco-hyperelastic nature of the DE films. The model is then linearized and employed for the design of a stiffness con- troller. The control algorithm requires the knowledge of the ac- tuator configuration (via a position sensor) and of the force ex- changed with the environment (via a force sensor). An optimum full-state observer is then implemented, which enables both ac- curate estimation of the DE time-dependent behavior and ade- quate suppression of sensor measurement noise. At last, exper- imental results are provided together with the description of an effective electronic driver that allows an independent activation ofthe agonistic-antagonistic DE membranes.

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