Biomarkers of collecting duct injury in Han-Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats treated with N-phenylanthranilic Acid. Betton, G. R., Ennulat, D., Hoffman, D., Gautier, J., Harpur, E., & Pettit, S. Toxicologic Pathology, 40(4):682–694, June, 2012.
Biomarkers of collecting duct injury in Han-Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats treated with N-phenylanthranilic Acid [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
N-phenylanthranilic acid is a chloride channel blocker that causes renal papillary necrosis in rats. Studies were conducted in two strains of male rats to evaluate novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. Han-Wistar rats were given daily oral doses of 50, 350, or up to 700 mg/kg/day of NPAA, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given 50 or 400 mg/kg/day of NPAA. Rats were euthanized on days 8 and 15. The candidate kidney injury biomarkers renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1, for collecting duct injury), clusterin (for general kidney injury), α-glutathione-S-transferase (a proximal tubular marker), and µ-glutathione-S-transferase (a distal tubular marker) were measured in urine by enzyme immunoassay. Characteristic degeneration and necrosis of the collecting duct and renal papilla were observed in Han-Wistar rats at the high dose on day 8 and at the mid and high doses on day 15, and in Sprague-Dawley rats given the high dose on days 8 and 15. Increases in urinary RPA-1, and to a lesser extent urine clusterin, were generally associated with the presence of collecting duct injury and were more sensitive than BUN and serum creatinine. On the other hand, decreases in α-glutathione-S-transferase without proximal tubule lesions in both strains and decreases in µ-glutathione-S-transferase in Sprague-Dawley rats only were not associated with morphological proximal or distal tubule abnormalities, so both were of less utility. It was concluded that RPA-1 is a new biomarker with utility in the detection of collecting duct injury in papillary necrosis in male rats.
@article{betton_biomarkers_2012,
	title = {Biomarkers of collecting duct injury in {Han}-{Wistar} and {Sprague}-{Dawley} rats treated with {N}-phenylanthranilic {Acid}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1533-1601},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301952},
	doi = {10.1177/0192623311436174},
	abstract = {N-phenylanthranilic acid is a chloride channel blocker that causes renal papillary necrosis in rats. Studies were conducted in two strains of male rats to evaluate novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. Han-Wistar rats were given daily oral doses of 50, 350, or up to 700 mg/kg/day of NPAA, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given 50 or 400 mg/kg/day of NPAA. Rats were euthanized on days 8 and 15. The candidate kidney injury biomarkers renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1, for collecting duct injury), clusterin (for general kidney injury), α-glutathione-S-transferase (a proximal tubular marker), and µ-glutathione-S-transferase (a distal tubular marker) were measured in urine by enzyme immunoassay. Characteristic degeneration and necrosis of the collecting duct and renal papilla were observed in Han-Wistar rats at the high dose on day 8 and at the mid and high doses on day 15, and in Sprague-Dawley rats given the high dose on days 8 and 15. Increases in urinary RPA-1, and to a lesser extent urine clusterin, were generally associated with the presence of collecting duct injury and were more sensitive than BUN and serum creatinine. On the other hand, decreases in α-glutathione-S-transferase without proximal tubule lesions in both strains and decreases in µ-glutathione-S-transferase in Sprague-Dawley rats only were not associated with morphological proximal or distal tubule abnormalities, so both were of less utility. It was concluded that RPA-1 is a new biomarker with utility in the detection of collecting duct injury in papillary necrosis in male rats.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Toxicologic Pathology},
	author = {Betton, Graham R. and Ennulat, Daniela and Hoffman, David and Gautier, Jean-Charles and Harpur, Ernie and Pettit, Syril},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22301952},
	keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Biological Markers, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Clusterin, Glutathione Transferase, Histocytochemistry, Kidney Diseases, Kidney Tubules, Collecting, Male, Necrosis, Organ Size, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Wistar, Toxicity Tests, ortho-Aminobenzoates},
	pages = {682--694},
}

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