The underlying structures of sentences are the primary units of immediate speech processing. Bever, T. G., Lackner, J. R., & Kirk, R. Percept Psychophys, 5(4):225–234, 1969.
abstract   bibtex   
2 studies, using undergraduate Ss, of the subjective location of clicks in spoken sentences indicate: (1) within-clause phrase structure boundaries do not significantly affect the segmentation of spoken sentences, and (2) divisions between underlying structure sentences determine segmentation even in the absence of corresponding explicit clause divisions in the surface phrase structure. These results support a model of speech processing according to which listeners actively segment and organize spoken sequences into potential underlying syntactic structures.
@ARTICLE{Bever1969,
  author = {Bever, T. G. and Lackner, J. R. and Kirk, R.},
  title = {The underlying structures of sentences are the primary units of immediate
	speech processing.},
  journal = {Percept Psychophys},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {225--234},
  number = {4},
  abstract = {2 studies, using undergraduate Ss, of the subjective location of clicks
	in spoken sentences indicate: (1) within-clause phrase structure
	boundaries do not significantly affect the segmentation of spoken
	sentences, and (2) divisions between underlying structure sentences
	determine segmentation even in the absence of corresponding explicit
	clause divisions in the surface phrase structure. These results support
	a model of speech processing according to which listeners actively
	segment and organize spoken sequences into potential underlying syntactic
	structures.},
  issn = {0031-5117},
  keywords = {immediate speech processing & underlying sentence structures, subjective
	location of clicks in spoken sentences & segmentation effects, Grammar,
	Psycholinguistics, Sentences, Verbal Communication}
}

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