Why copper is preferred over iron for oxygen activation and reduction in haem-copper oxidases. Bhagi-Damodaran, A., Michael, M. A., Zhu, Q., Reed, J., Sandoval, B. A., Mirts, E. N., Chakraborty, S., Moënne-Loccoz, P., Zhang, Y., & Lu, Y. Nature Chemistry, 9(3):257–263, 2017.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Haem-copper oxidase (HCO) catalyses the natural reduction of oxygen to water using a haem-copper centre. Despite decades of research on HCOs, the role of non-haem metal and the reason for nature's choice of copper over other metals such as iron remains unclear. Here, we use a biosynthetic model of HCO in myoglobin that selectively binds different non-haem metals to demonstrate 30-fold and 11-fold enhancements in the oxidase activity of Cu- and Fe-bound HCO mimics, respectively, as compared with Zn-bound mimics. Detailed electrochemical, kinetic and vibrational spectroscopic studies, in tandem with theoretical density functional theory calculations, demonstrate that the non-haem metal not only donates electrons to oxygen but also activates it for efficient O-O bond cleavage. Furthermore, the higher redox potential of copper and the enhanced weakening of the O-O bond from the higher electron density in the d orbital of copper are central to its higher oxidase activity over iron. This work resolves a long-standing question in bioenergetics, and renders a chemical-biological basis for the design of future oxygen-reduction catalysts.
@article{bhagi-damodaran_why_2017,
	title = {Why copper is preferred over iron for oxygen activation and reduction in haem-copper oxidases},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {17554349},
	doi = {10.1038/nchem.2643},
	abstract = {Haem-copper oxidase (HCO) catalyses the natural reduction of oxygen to water using a haem-copper centre. Despite decades of research on HCOs, the role of non-haem metal and the reason for nature's choice of copper over other metals such as iron remains unclear. Here, we use a biosynthetic model of HCO in myoglobin that selectively binds different non-haem metals to demonstrate 30-fold and 11-fold enhancements in the oxidase activity of Cu- and Fe-bound HCO mimics, respectively, as compared with Zn-bound mimics. Detailed electrochemical, kinetic and vibrational spectroscopic studies, in tandem with theoretical density functional theory calculations, demonstrate that the non-haem metal not only donates electrons to oxygen but also activates it for efficient O-O bond cleavage. Furthermore, the higher redox potential of copper and the enhanced weakening of the O-O bond from the higher electron density in the d orbital of copper are central to its higher oxidase activity over iron. This work resolves a long-standing question in bioenergetics, and renders a chemical-biological basis for the design of future oxygen-reduction catalysts.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Nature Chemistry},
	author = {Bhagi-Damodaran, Ambika and Michael, Matthew A. and Zhu, Qianhong and Reed, Julian and Sandoval, Braddock A. and Mirts, Evan N. and Chakraborty, Saumen and Moënne-Loccoz, Pierre and Zhang, Yong and Lu, Yi},
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28221360},
	pages = {257--263},
}

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