@article{RN157,
   author = {Bhonsle, S. and Lorenzo, M. F. and Safaai-Jazi, A. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {Characterization of Nonlinearity and Dispersion in Tissue Impedance During High-Frequency Electroporation},
   journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
   volume = {65},
   number = {10},
   pages = {2190-2201},
   note = {1558-2531
Bhonsle, Suyashree
Lorenzo, Melvin F
Safaai-Jazi, Ahmad
Davalos, Rafael V
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
United States
2018/07/11
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018 Oct;65(10):2190-2201. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2787038. Epub 2017 Dec 25.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The use of high-voltage, high-frequency bipolar pulses (HFBPs) is an emerging electroporation-based therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we quantify the extent of nonlinearity and dispersion during the HFBP treatment. METHODS: We utilize flat-plate electrodes to capture the impedance of the porcine liver tissue during the delivery of a burst of HFBPs of widths 1 and 2  $\mu$s at different pulse amplitudes. Next, we fit the impedance data to a frequency-dependent parallel RC network to determine the conductivity and permittivity of the tissue as a function of frequency, for different applied electric fields. Finally, we present a simple model to approximate the field distribution in the tissue using the conductivity function at a frequency that could minimize the errors due to approximation with a nondispersive model. RESULTS: The conductivity/permittivity of the tissue was plotted as a function of frequency for different electric fields. It was found that the extent of dispersion reduces with higher applied electric field magnitudes. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to quantify dispersion and nonlinearity in the tissue during the HFBP treatment. The data have been used to predict the field distribution in a numerical model of the liver tissue utilizing two needle electrodes. SIGNIFICANCE: The data and technique developed in this study to monitor the electrical properties of tissue during treatment can be used to generate treatment-planning models for future high-frequency electroporation therapies as well as provide insights regarding treatment effect.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Electric Impedance
*Electrochemotherapy
Liver/physiology/*radiation effects
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Swine},
   ISSN = {0018-9294},
   DOI = {10.1109/tbme.2017.2787038},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

{"_id":"M4gWkh2KZd6xh6jRE","bibbaseid":"bhonsle-lorenzo-safaaijazi-davalos-characterizationofnonlinearityanddispersionintissueimpedanceduringhighfrequencyelectroporation-2018","author_short":["Bhonsle, S.","Lorenzo, M. F.","Safaai-Jazi, A.","Davalos, R. V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bhonsle"],"firstnames":["S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lorenzo"],"firstnames":["M.","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Safaai-Jazi"],"firstnames":["A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Characterization of Nonlinearity and Dispersion in Tissue Impedance During High-Frequency Electroporation","journal":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","volume":"65","number":"10","pages":"2190-2201","note":"1558-2531 Bhonsle, Suyashree Lorenzo, Melvin F Safaai-Jazi, Ahmad Davalos, Rafael V Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States 2018/07/11 IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018 Oct;65(10):2190-2201. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2787038. Epub 2017 Dec 25.","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The use of high-voltage, high-frequency bipolar pulses (HFBPs) is an emerging electroporation-based therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we quantify the extent of nonlinearity and dispersion during the HFBP treatment. METHODS: We utilize flat-plate electrodes to capture the impedance of the porcine liver tissue during the delivery of a burst of HFBPs of widths 1 and 2 $μ$s at different pulse amplitudes. Next, we fit the impedance data to a frequency-dependent parallel RC network to determine the conductivity and permittivity of the tissue as a function of frequency, for different applied electric fields. Finally, we present a simple model to approximate the field distribution in the tissue using the conductivity function at a frequency that could minimize the errors due to approximation with a nondispersive model. RESULTS: The conductivity/permittivity of the tissue was plotted as a function of frequency for different electric fields. It was found that the extent of dispersion reduces with higher applied electric field magnitudes. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to quantify dispersion and nonlinearity in the tissue during the HFBP treatment. The data have been used to predict the field distribution in a numerical model of the liver tissue utilizing two needle electrodes. SIGNIFICANCE: The data and technique developed in this study to monitor the electrical properties of tissue during treatment can be used to generate treatment-planning models for future high-frequency electroporation therapies as well as provide insights regarding treatment effect.","keywords":"Animals *Electric Impedance *Electrochemotherapy Liver/physiology/*radiation effects *Nonlinear Dynamics Swine","issn":"0018-9294","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2017.2787038","year":"2018","bibtex":"@article{RN157,\n author = {Bhonsle, S. and Lorenzo, M. F. and Safaai-Jazi, A. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {Characterization of Nonlinearity and Dispersion in Tissue Impedance During High-Frequency Electroporation},\n journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},\n volume = {65},\n number = {10},\n pages = {2190-2201},\n note = {1558-2531\nBhonsle, Suyashree\nLorenzo, Melvin F\nSafaai-Jazi, Ahmad\nDavalos, Rafael V\nJournal Article\nResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\nResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.\nUnited States\n2018/07/11\nIEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018 Oct;65(10):2190-2201. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2787038. Epub 2017 Dec 25.},\n abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The use of high-voltage, high-frequency bipolar pulses (HFBPs) is an emerging electroporation-based therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we quantify the extent of nonlinearity and dispersion during the HFBP treatment. METHODS: We utilize flat-plate electrodes to capture the impedance of the porcine liver tissue during the delivery of a burst of HFBPs of widths 1 and 2 $\\mu$s at different pulse amplitudes. Next, we fit the impedance data to a frequency-dependent parallel RC network to determine the conductivity and permittivity of the tissue as a function of frequency, for different applied electric fields. Finally, we present a simple model to approximate the field distribution in the tissue using the conductivity function at a frequency that could minimize the errors due to approximation with a nondispersive model. RESULTS: The conductivity/permittivity of the tissue was plotted as a function of frequency for different electric fields. It was found that the extent of dispersion reduces with higher applied electric field magnitudes. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to quantify dispersion and nonlinearity in the tissue during the HFBP treatment. The data have been used to predict the field distribution in a numerical model of the liver tissue utilizing two needle electrodes. SIGNIFICANCE: The data and technique developed in this study to monitor the electrical properties of tissue during treatment can be used to generate treatment-planning models for future high-frequency electroporation therapies as well as provide insights regarding treatment effect.},\n keywords = {Animals\n*Electric Impedance\n*Electrochemotherapy\nLiver/physiology/*radiation effects\n*Nonlinear Dynamics\nSwine},\n ISSN = {0018-9294},\n DOI = {10.1109/tbme.2017.2787038},\n year = {2018},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Bhonsle, S.","Lorenzo, M. F.","Safaai-Jazi, A.","Davalos, R. 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