Health Behavior Change in Older Adults: Testing the Health Action Process Approach at the Inter- and Intraindividual Level. Bierbauer, W., Inauen, J., Schaefer, S., Kleemeyer, M. M., Lüscher, J., König, C., Tobias, R., Kliegel, M., Ihle, A., Zimmerli, L., Holzer, B. M., Siebenhuener, K., Battegay, E., Schmied, C., & Scholz, U. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9(3):324–348, November, 2017.
Health Behavior Change in Older Adults: Testing the Health Action Process Approach at the Inter- and Intraindividual Level [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Background Health behavior change theories usually claim to be universally and individually applicable. Most research has tested behavior change theories at the interindividual level and within young-to-middle-aged populations. However, associations at the interindividual level can differ substantially from associations at the intraindividual level. This study examines the applicability of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) at the inter- and the intraindividual level among older adults. Methods Two intensive longitudinal studies examined the HAPA model covering two different health behaviors and two different time spans: Study 1 (physical activity, N = 52 × 6 monthly observations) and Study 2 (medication adherence, N = 64 × 30 daily observations). The HAPA constructs (risk awareness, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, action planning, action control), and self-reported behaviors were assessed. Results Overall, at the interindividual level, results of both studies largely confirmed the associations specified by the HAPA. At the intraindividual level, results were less in line with the HAPA. Only action control emerged as consistent predictor of behavior. Conclusions This study emphasises the importance of examining health behavior change theories at both, the inter- and the intraindividual level.
@article{bierbauer_health_2017,
	title = {Health {Behavior} {Change} in {Older} {Adults}: {Testing} the {Health} {Action} {Process} {Approach} at the {Inter}- and {Intraindividual} {Level}},
	volume = {9},
	copyright = {© 2017 The International Association of Applied Psychology},
	issn = {1758-0854},
	shorttitle = {Health {Behavior} {Change} in {Older} {Adults}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/aphw.12094},
	doi = {10.1111/aphw.12094},
	abstract = {Background Health behavior change theories usually claim to be universally and individually applicable. Most research has tested behavior change theories at the interindividual level and within young-to-middle-aged populations. However, associations at the interindividual level can differ substantially from associations at the intraindividual level. This study examines the applicability of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) at the inter- and the intraindividual level among older adults. Methods Two intensive longitudinal studies examined the HAPA model covering two different health behaviors and two different time spans: Study 1 (physical activity, N = 52 × 6 monthly observations) and Study 2 (medication adherence, N = 64 × 30 daily observations). The HAPA constructs (risk awareness, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, action planning, action control), and self-reported behaviors were assessed. Results Overall, at the interindividual level, results of both studies largely confirmed the associations specified by the HAPA. At the intraindividual level, results were less in line with the HAPA. Only action control emerged as consistent predictor of behavior. Conclusions This study emphasises the importance of examining health behavior change theories at both, the inter- and the intraindividual level.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-08-24TZ},
	journal = {Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being},
	author = {Bierbauer, Walter and Inauen, Jennifer and Schaefer, Sabine and Kleemeyer, Maike Margarethe and Lüscher, Janina and König, Claudia and Tobias, Robert and Kliegel, Matthias and Ihle, Andreas and Zimmerli, Lukas and Holzer, Barbara M. and Siebenhuener, Klarissa and Battegay, Edouard and Schmied, Christian and Scholz, Urte},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Aging, IP213, aging, health behavior change, intensive longitudinal methods, liveswebsite, medication adherence, physical activity, within-person, within‐person, year8},
	pages = {324--348}
}

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