@article{birkeland_updated_2025,
	title = {An updated perspective: what genes make a tree a tree?},
	issn = {1360-1385},
	shorttitle = {An updated perspective},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138525002821},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.09.006},
	abstract = {We learn early on how to tell trees apart from other plants. However, it has proved hard to distinguish trees from other plants at the genetic level, and it is believed that there are no unique ‘tree genes’. With the rapid increase in available tree genomes, we can perform new comparative and evolutionary analyses of plant life histories and growth forms. Here we provide a fresh perspective on the genetic foundation for woodiness and perenniality in angiosperms by analyzing selection pressures and gene family evolution in the rosids using genomic data. We examine genes distinguishing trees from herbs and discuss future directions for uncovering the genetic factors that define a tree in this new era of tree genomics.},
	urldate = {2025-10-24},
	journal = {Trends in Plant Science},
	author = {Birkeland, Siri and Soldado, Eduardo R. and Ranade, Sonali S. and García-Gil, M. Rosario and Choudhary, Shruti and Kumar, Vikash and Tuominen, Hannele and Mellerowicz, Ewa J. and Street, Nathaniel R. and Hvidsten, Torgeir R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2025},
	keywords = {comparative genomics, plant growth forms, plant life histories, rosids, tree genomics, woodiness},
}

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With the rapid increase in available tree genomes, we can perform new comparative and evolutionary analyses of plant life histories and growth forms. Here we provide a fresh perspective on the genetic foundation for woodiness and perenniality in angiosperms by analyzing selection pressures and gene family evolution in the rosids using genomic data. We examine genes distinguishing trees from herbs and discuss future directions for uncovering the genetic factors that define a tree in this new era of tree genomics.","urldate":"2025-10-24","journal":"Trends in Plant Science","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Birkeland"],"firstnames":["Siri"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Soldado"],"firstnames":["Eduardo","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ranade"],"firstnames":["Sonali","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["García-Gil"],"firstnames":["M.","Rosario"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Choudhary"],"firstnames":["Shruti"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kumar"],"firstnames":["Vikash"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tuominen"],"firstnames":["Hannele"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mellerowicz"],"firstnames":["Ewa","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Street"],"firstnames":["Nathaniel","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hvidsten"],"firstnames":["Torgeir","R."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"October","year":"2025","keywords":"comparative genomics, plant growth forms, plant life histories, rosids, tree genomics, woodiness","bibtex":"@article{birkeland_updated_2025,\n\ttitle = {An updated perspective: what genes make a tree a tree?},\n\tissn = {1360-1385},\n\tshorttitle = {An updated perspective},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138525002821},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.09.006},\n\tabstract = {We learn early on how to tell trees apart from other plants. However, it has proved hard to distinguish trees from other plants at the genetic level, and it is believed that there are no unique ‘tree genes’. With the rapid increase in available tree genomes, we can perform new comparative and evolutionary analyses of plant life histories and growth forms. Here we provide a fresh perspective on the genetic foundation for woodiness and perenniality in angiosperms by analyzing selection pressures and gene family evolution in the rosids using genomic data. We examine genes distinguishing trees from herbs and discuss future directions for uncovering the genetic factors that define a tree in this new era of tree genomics.},\n\turldate = {2025-10-24},\n\tjournal = {Trends in Plant Science},\n\tauthor = {Birkeland, Siri and Soldado, Eduardo R. and Ranade, Sonali S. and García-Gil, M. 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