Thermotropic Icy Road Sign with Light Scattering and Fluorescence Response. Booth, J., R., Young, R., A., Richards Gonzales, A., N., Meakin, Z., J., Preuss-Weber, C., M., Jaggers, R., W., & Bon, S., A., F. under review (chemRXiv preprint out), 2021.
Thermotropic Icy Road Sign with Light Scattering and Fluorescence Response [link]Website  abstract   bibtex   
Prototypes of flexible, electricity-free, ice warning signs for roads and pavements have been developed. A thermotropic response in the form of an upper critical solution (UCST) type phase separation targeted near the freezing point of water manifests itself through light scattering as a clear-to-opaque transition. It is simultaneousy amplified by an enhanced photoluminescence effect. The conceptual road sign application is a multi-lameller flexible strip with an active layer of a polystyrene-based solution. The solvent is a plastizer, here either dioctylphthalate (DOP) or its alternative 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH). A collection of styrene-based macromolecules were made by free radical (co)polymerisation, varying molecular weight and monomer feed composition. UCST type phase diagrams for the polymer solutions were constructed from cloud point data measured by a bespoke photographic set-up, in which up to 30 samples were measured simultaneously using both light scattering, that is opacity, and fluorescence. For the latter, the concept of restricted motion enhanced photoluminescece, often referred to as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), was used. Polystyrene labelled with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used for this. The contrast between ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states in the protoype ice warning signs was optimized by tuning the polymer concentration and the active layer thickness. Our prototype signs show full reversibility over many temperature cycles. We believe the concept can be of wider use in electicity-free signs and labels.
@article{
 title = {Thermotropic Icy Road Sign with Light Scattering and Fluorescence Response},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
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 websites = {https://dx.doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.14156816},
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 abstract = {Prototypes of flexible, electricity-free, ice warning signs for roads and pavements have been developed. A thermotropic response in the form of an upper critical solution (UCST) type phase separation targeted near the freezing point of water manifests itself through light scattering as a clear-to-opaque transition. It is simultaneousy amplified by an enhanced photoluminescence effect. The conceptual road sign application is a multi-lameller flexible strip with an active layer of a polystyrene-based solution. The solvent is a plastizer, here either dioctylphthalate (DOP) or its alternative 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH). A collection of styrene-based macromolecules were made by free radical (co)polymerisation, varying molecular weight and monomer feed composition. UCST type phase diagrams for the polymer solutions were constructed from cloud point data measured by a bespoke photographic set-up, in which up to 30 samples were measured simultaneously using both light scattering, that is opacity, and fluorescence. For the latter, the concept of restricted motion enhanced photoluminescece, often referred to as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), was used. Polystyrene labelled with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used for this. The contrast between ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states in the protoype ice warning signs was optimized by tuning the polymer concentration and the active layer thickness. Our prototype signs show full reversibility over many temperature cycles. We believe the concept can be of wider use in electicity-free signs and labels.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Booth, Joshua R. and Young, Robert A. and Richards Gonzales, Andrés N. and Meakin, Zachary J. and Preuss-Weber, Corinna M. and Jaggers, Ross W. and Bon, Stefan A. F.},
 journal = {under review (chemRXiv preprint out)}
}

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