Morphological and Allozyme Variation in Littorina-Sitkana and Related Littorina Species from the Northeastern Pacific. Boulding, E. G., Bucklandnicks, J., & Vanalstyne, K. L. Veliger, 36(1):43–68, January, 1993. ![Morphological and Allozyme Variation in Littorina-Sitkana and Related Littorina Species from the Northeastern Pacific [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex We studied the morphological and biochemical systematics of some Littorina with direct development from the northeastern Pacific. We describe differences in geographic distribution, body pigmentation, size at first reproduction, shell morphology, and behavior between L. sp. and its close relative L. ''kurila.'' We also discuss field characters useful in distinguishing L. sp. from L. sitkana Philippi, as these two species often have an overlapping distribution on northeastern Pacific shores of intermediate exposure. The systematics of these gastropods are difficult because there is considerable within-species variation in shell morphology. There was more variation in shell shape within split broods of L. sp. grown at high and low growth rates than was seen among three different taxa collected in the field. Even shell ornamentation was not always diagnostic; offspring of heavily ridged L. sitkana parents were completely smooth when cultured at high growth rates. Littorina sitkana and L. sp. from areas of intermediate wave exposure on Tatoosh Island, Washington, did not hybridize. The two populations were fixed or nearly fixed for different allelic allozymes at the Pep-3, Gpi-1, Sdh-4, and Pgm-1 loci and had distinctive esterase banding patterns. This agrees with our conclusions from our morphological and hybridization studies that L. sitkana and L. sp. are separate species. Our electrophoresis results suggested that L. sp. was closely related to L. subrotundata (Carpenter); however, the two taxa had fixed differences at the Pep-3 locus. We estimated a preliminary phylogeny based on allozyme data for these northeastern Pacific Littorina and for L. saxatilis, L. obtusata, and L. littorea from the northwestern Atlantic.
@article{boulding_morphological_1993,
title = {Morphological and {Allozyme} {Variation} in {Littorina}-{Sitkana} and {Related} {Littorina} {Species} from the {Northeastern} {Pacific}},
volume = {36},
shorttitle = {Morphological and {Allozyme} {Variation} in {Littorina}-{Sitkana} and {Related} {Littorina} {Species} from the {Northeastern} {Pacific}},
url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225271087_Morphological_and_Allozyme_Variation_in_Littorina_sitkana_and_Related_Littorina_Species_from_the_Northeastern_Pacific},
abstract = {We studied the morphological and biochemical systematics of some Littorina with direct development from the northeastern Pacific. We describe differences in geographic distribution, body pigmentation, size at first reproduction, shell morphology, and behavior between L. sp. and its close relative L. ''kurila.'' We also discuss field characters useful in distinguishing L. sp. from L. sitkana Philippi, as these two species often have an overlapping distribution on northeastern Pacific shores of intermediate exposure. The systematics of these gastropods are difficult because there is considerable within-species variation in shell morphology. There was more variation in shell shape within split broods of L. sp. grown at high and low growth rates than was seen among three different taxa collected in the field. Even shell ornamentation was not always diagnostic; offspring of heavily ridged L. sitkana parents were completely smooth when cultured at high growth rates. Littorina sitkana and L. sp. from areas of intermediate wave exposure on Tatoosh Island, Washington, did not hybridize. The two populations were fixed or nearly fixed for different allelic allozymes at the Pep-3, Gpi-1, Sdh-4, and Pgm-1 loci and had distinctive esterase banding patterns. This agrees with our conclusions from our morphological and hybridization studies that L. sitkana and L. sp. are separate species. Our electrophoresis results suggested that L. sp. was closely related to L. subrotundata (Carpenter); however, the two taxa had fixed differences at the Pep-3 locus. We estimated a preliminary phylogeny based on allozyme data for these northeastern Pacific Littorina and for L. saxatilis, L. obtusata, and L. littorea from the northwestern Atlantic.},
number = {1},
journal = {Veliger},
author = {Boulding, E. G. and Bucklandnicks, J. and Vanalstyne, K. L.},
month = jan,
year = {1993},
keywords = {Littorina, Littorina sitkana},
pages = {43--68},
}
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We also discuss field characters useful in distinguishing L. sp. from L. sitkana Philippi, as these two species often have an overlapping distribution on northeastern Pacific shores of intermediate exposure. The systematics of these gastropods are difficult because there is considerable within-species variation in shell morphology. There was more variation in shell shape within split broods of L. sp. grown at high and low growth rates than was seen among three different taxa collected in the field. Even shell ornamentation was not always diagnostic; offspring of heavily ridged L. sitkana parents were completely smooth when cultured at high growth rates. Littorina sitkana and L. sp. from areas of intermediate wave exposure on Tatoosh Island, Washington, did not hybridize. The two populations were fixed or nearly fixed for different allelic allozymes at the Pep-3, Gpi-1, Sdh-4, and Pgm-1 loci and had distinctive esterase banding patterns. This agrees with our conclusions from our morphological and hybridization studies that L. sitkana and L. sp. are separate species. Our electrophoresis results suggested that L. sp. was closely related to L. subrotundata (Carpenter); however, the two taxa had fixed differences at the Pep-3 locus. 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