@article{bourne_neuropsychological_2013,
	title = {Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: an individual patient data meta-analysis.},
	volume = {128},
	issn = {1600-0447},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617548},
	doi = {10.1111/acps.12133},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view.

METHOD: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.

RESULTS: Impairments were found for all 11 test-measures in the bipolar group after controlling for age, IQ and gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. = 0.26-0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account for the effect sizes found. Impairments also seem unrelated to drug treatment. Some test-measures were weakly correlated with illness severity measures suggesting that some impairments may track illness progression.

CONCLUSION: This reanalysis supports VLT, Digit Span and TMT as robust measures of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder patients. The heterogeneity of some test results explains previous differences in meta-analyses. Better controlling for confounds suggests deficits may be smaller than previously reported but should be tracked longitudinally across illness progression and treatment.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2015-05-01},
	journal = {Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica},
	author = {Bourne, C and Aydemir, Ö and Balanzá-Martínez, V and Bora, E and Brissos, S and Cavanagh, J T O and Clark, L and Cubukcuoglu, Z and Dias, V V and Dittmann, S and Ferrier, I N and Fleck, D E and Frangou, S and Gallagher, P and Jones, L and Kieseppä, T and Martínez-Aran, A and Melle, I and Moore, P B and Mur, M and Pfennig, A and Raust, A and Senturk, V and Simonsen, C and Smith, D J and Bio, D S and Soeiro-de-Souza, M G and Stoddart, S D R and Sundet, K and Szöke, A and Thompson, J M and Torrent, C and Zalla, T and Craddock, N and Andreassen, O A and Leboyer, M and Vieta, E and Bauer, M and Worhunsky, P D and Tzagarakis, C and Rogers, R D and Geddes, J R and Goodwin, G M},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23617548},
	keywords = {Adult, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Affective Symptoms: psychology, Age of Onset, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: complications, Bipolar Disorder: diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder: drug therapy, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: diagnosis, Cognition Disorders: drug therapy, Cognition Disorders: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders: etiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Female, Humans, Male, Mental Competency, Mental Processes, Mental Processes: drug effects, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs: administration \& dosage, Psychotropic Drugs: adverse effects, Risk Factors},
	pages = {149--62},
}

{"_id":"2998FHDX9gdqacBPT","bibbaseid":"bourne-aydemir-balanzmartnez-bora-brissos-cavanagh-clark-cubukcuoglu-etal-neuropsychologicaltestingofcognitiveimpairmentineuthymicbipolardisorderanindividualpatientdatametaanalysis-2013","author_short":["Bourne, C","Aydemir, Ö","Balanzá-Martínez, V","Bora, E","Brissos, S","Cavanagh, J T O","Clark, L","Cubukcuoglu, Z","Dias, V V","Dittmann, S","Ferrier, I N","Fleck, D E","Frangou, S","Gallagher, P","Jones, L","Kieseppä, T","Martínez-Aran, A","Melle, I","Moore, P B","Mur, M","Pfennig, A","Raust, A","Senturk, V","Simonsen, C","Smith, D J","Bio, D S","Soeiro-de-Souza, M G","Stoddart, S D R","Sundet, K","Szöke, A","Thompson, J M","Torrent, C","Zalla, T","Craddock, N","Andreassen, O A","Leboyer, M","Vieta, E","Bauer, M","Worhunsky, P D","Tzagarakis, C","Rogers, R D","Geddes, J R","Goodwin, G M"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: an individual patient data meta-analysis.","volume":"128","issn":"1600-0447","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617548","doi":"10.1111/acps.12133","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view. METHOD: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. RESULTS: Impairments were found for all 11 test-measures in the bipolar group after controlling for age, IQ and gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. = 0.26-0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account for the effect sizes found. Impairments also seem unrelated to drug treatment. Some test-measures were weakly correlated with illness severity measures suggesting that some impairments may track illness progression. CONCLUSION: This reanalysis supports VLT, Digit Span and TMT as robust measures of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder patients. The heterogeneity of some test results explains previous differences in meta-analyses. Better controlling for confounds suggests deficits may be smaller than previously reported but should be tracked longitudinally across illness progression and treatment.","number":"3","urldate":"2015-05-01","journal":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bourne"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Aydemir"],"firstnames":["Ö"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Balanzá-Martínez"],"firstnames":["V"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bora"],"firstnames":["E"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brissos"],"firstnames":["S"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cavanagh"],"firstnames":["J","T","O"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Clark"],"firstnames":["L"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cubukcuoglu"],"firstnames":["Z"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dias"],"firstnames":["V","V"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dittmann"],"firstnames":["S"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ferrier"],"firstnames":["I","N"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fleck"],"firstnames":["D","E"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Frangou"],"firstnames":["S"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gallagher"],"firstnames":["P"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jones"],"firstnames":["L"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kieseppä"],"firstnames":["T"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Martínez-Aran"],"firstnames":["A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Melle"],"firstnames":["I"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Moore"],"firstnames":["P","B"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mur"],"firstnames":["M"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Pfennig"],"firstnames":["A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Raust"],"firstnames":["A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Senturk"],"firstnames":["V"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Simonsen"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Smith"],"firstnames":["D","J"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bio"],"firstnames":["D","S"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Soeiro-de-Souza"],"firstnames":["M","G"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stoddart"],"firstnames":["S","D","R"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sundet"],"firstnames":["K"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Szöke"],"firstnames":["A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Thompson"],"firstnames":["J","M"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Torrent"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zalla"],"firstnames":["T"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Craddock"],"firstnames":["N"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Andreassen"],"firstnames":["O","A"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Leboyer"],"firstnames":["M"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Vieta"],"firstnames":["E"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bauer"],"firstnames":["M"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Worhunsky"],"firstnames":["P","D"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tzagarakis"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Rogers"],"firstnames":["R","D"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Geddes"],"firstnames":["J","R"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goodwin"],"firstnames":["G","M"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"September","year":"2013","pmid":"23617548","keywords":"Adult, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Affective Symptoms: psychology, Age of Onset, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: complications, Bipolar Disorder: diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder: drug therapy, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: diagnosis, Cognition Disorders: drug therapy, Cognition Disorders: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders: etiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Female, Humans, Male, Mental Competency, Mental Processes, Mental Processes: drug effects, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs: administration & dosage, Psychotropic Drugs: adverse effects, Risk Factors","pages":"149–62","bibtex":"@article{bourne_neuropsychological_2013,\n\ttitle = {Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: an individual patient data meta-analysis.},\n\tvolume = {128},\n\tissn = {1600-0447},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617548},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/acps.12133},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view.\n\nMETHOD: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.\n\nRESULTS: Impairments were found for all 11 test-measures in the bipolar group after controlling for age, IQ and gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. = 0.26-0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account for the effect sizes found. Impairments also seem unrelated to drug treatment. Some test-measures were weakly correlated with illness severity measures suggesting that some impairments may track illness progression.\n\nCONCLUSION: This reanalysis supports VLT, Digit Span and TMT as robust measures of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder patients. The heterogeneity of some test results explains previous differences in meta-analyses. Better controlling for confounds suggests deficits may be smaller than previously reported but should be tracked longitudinally across illness progression and treatment.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2015-05-01},\n\tjournal = {Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica},\n\tauthor = {Bourne, C and Aydemir, Ö and Balanzá-Martínez, V and Bora, E and Brissos, S and Cavanagh, J T O and Clark, L and Cubukcuoglu, Z and Dias, V V and Dittmann, S and Ferrier, I N and Fleck, D E and Frangou, S and Gallagher, P and Jones, L and Kieseppä, T and Martínez-Aran, A and Melle, I and Moore, P B and Mur, M and Pfennig, A and Raust, A and Senturk, V and Simonsen, C and Smith, D J and Bio, D S and Soeiro-de-Souza, M G and Stoddart, S D R and Sundet, K and Szöke, A and Thompson, J M and Torrent, C and Zalla, T and Craddock, N and Andreassen, O A and Leboyer, M and Vieta, E and Bauer, M and Worhunsky, P D and Tzagarakis, C and Rogers, R D and Geddes, J R and Goodwin, G M},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {23617548},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Affective Symptoms: psychology, Age of Onset, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: complications, Bipolar Disorder: diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder: drug therapy, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: diagnosis, Cognition Disorders: drug therapy, Cognition Disorders: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders: etiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Female, Humans, Male, Mental Competency, Mental Processes, Mental Processes: drug effects, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs: administration \\& dosage, Psychotropic Drugs: adverse effects, Risk Factors},\n\tpages = {149--62},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Bourne, C","Aydemir, Ö","Balanzá-Martínez, V","Bora, E","Brissos, S","Cavanagh, J T O","Clark, L","Cubukcuoglu, Z","Dias, V V","Dittmann, S","Ferrier, I N","Fleck, D E","Frangou, S","Gallagher, P","Jones, L","Kieseppä, 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