@Article{Boutla2004,
  author   = {Mrim Boutla and Ted Supalla and Elissa L Newport and Daphne Bavelier},
  journal  = {Nat Neurosci},
  title    = {Short-term memory span: {I}nsights from sign language.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {997-1002},
  volume   = {7},
  abstract = {Short-term memory (STM), or the ability to hold information in mind
	for a few seconds, is thought to be limited in its capacity to about
	7 +/- 2 items. Notably, the average STM capacity when using American
	Sign Language (ASL) rather than English is only 5 +/- 1 items. Here
	we show that, contrary to previous interpretations, this difference
	cannot be attributed to phonological factors, item duration or reduced
	memory abilities in deaf people. We also show that, despite this
	difference in STM span, hearing speakers and deaf ASL users have
	comparable working memory resources during language use, indicating
	similar abilities to maintain and manipulate linguistic information.
	The shorter STM span in ASL users therefore confirms the view that
	the spoken span of 7 +/- 2 is an exception, probably owing to the
	reliance of speakers on auditory-based rather than visually based
	representations in linguistic STM, and calls for adjustments in the
	norms used with deaf individuals.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nn1298},
  keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, 15311279},
}

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Notably, the average STM capacity when using American Sign Language (ASL) rather than English is only 5 +/- 1 items. Here we show that, contrary to previous interpretations, this difference cannot be attributed to phonological factors, item duration or reduced memory abilities in deaf people. We also show that, despite this difference in STM span, hearing speakers and deaf ASL users have comparable working memory resources during language use, indicating similar abilities to maintain and manipulate linguistic information. The shorter STM span in ASL users therefore confirms the view that the spoken span of 7 +/- 2 is an exception, probably owing to the reliance of speakers on auditory-based rather than visually based representations in linguistic STM, and calls for adjustments in the norms used with deaf individuals.","doi":"10.1038/nn1298","keywords":"Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, 15311279","bibtex":"@Article{Boutla2004,\n author = {Mrim Boutla and Ted Supalla and Elissa L Newport and Daphne Bavelier},\n journal = {Nat Neurosci},\n title = {Short-term memory span: {I}nsights from sign language.},\n year = {2004},\n number = {9},\n pages = {997-1002},\n volume = {7},\n abstract = {Short-term memory (STM), or the ability to hold information in mind\n\tfor a few seconds, is thought to be limited in its capacity to about\n\t7 +/- 2 items. Notably, the average STM capacity when using American\n\tSign Language (ASL) rather than English is only 5 +/- 1 items. Here\n\twe show that, contrary to previous interpretations, this difference\n\tcannot be attributed to phonological factors, item duration or reduced\n\tmemory abilities in deaf people. We also show that, despite this\n\tdifference in STM span, hearing speakers and deaf ASL users have\n\tcomparable working memory resources during language use, indicating\n\tsimilar abilities to maintain and manipulate linguistic information.\n\tThe shorter STM span in ASL users therefore confirms the view that\n\tthe spoken span of 7 +/- 2 is an exception, probably owing to the\n\treliance of speakers on auditory-based rather than visually based\n\trepresentations in linguistic STM, and calls for adjustments in the\n\tnorms used with deaf individuals.},\n doi = {10.1038/nn1298},\n keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, 15311279},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Boutla, M.","Supalla, T.","Newport, E. 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