The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services. Boyd, I. L., Freer-Smith, P. H., Gilligan, C. A., & Godfray, H. C. J. 342(6160):1235773+. ![The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex [Structured Abstract] [::Background] Trees are major components of many terrestrial ecosystems and are grown in managed plantations and orchards to provide a variety of economically important products, including timber, pulp, fiber, and food. They are subject to a wide range of pests and diseases, of which the most important causative agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and insect herbivores. Research on tree pests and diseases has had a historical focus on trees of direct economic importance. However, some epidemics and infestations have damaged and killed common trees that are integral parts of natural ecosystems. These have harmed valuable landscapes and highlighted the wide-ranging consequences arising from tree pests and diseases. There is also growing concern that aspects of globalization – in particular, higher volumes and new forms of trade – may increase the risk of disease spread. [::Advances] We review the challenges in maintaining tree health in natural and managed ecosystems. It is argued that it is helpful to consider explicitly the consequences of pests and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. In addition to forest and orchard products, tree pests and diseases can affect the ability of forests to sequester and store carbon, reduce flood risk, and purify water. They can affect the biodiversity supported by trees and the recreational and cultural values accorded to woodland by people. Many of these benefits are uncosted and enjoyed by different classes of stakeholders, which raises difficult questions about who should be responsible for measures to protect tree health. Changes in the risk of pest and disease introduction, the increasing prevalence of genetic reassortment leading to novel disease threats, and the potential role of climate change are all highlighted. [::Outlook] Modern pest and disease management is based on an extensive science base that is rapidly developing, spurred in particular by modern molecular technologies. A research priority is to build a better understanding of why certain pathogens and insects become major pests and diseases. This will involve a better understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivory, as will ecological insights into why some species reach epidemic prevalence or abundance. It will also help anticipate which species may become a problem if they are transported to new geographical regions, recombine with other organisms, or experience new climatic conditions. However, identifying all species that may become pests will be impossible, and the Review stresses the importance of risk management at the ” pathway of introduction” level, especially when modern trade practices provide potential new routes of entry. Last, when ecosystem services are provided by woods and forests rather than individual tree species, we need to understand better the consequences of pests and diseases that attack or feed on particular species. [Dead Wood] Trees can be affected by a wide variety of diseases caused by insects, fungi, and other pathogens. Such diseases often make the headlines – particularly when iconic tree species are affected – for example, in the case of the ash dieback currently spreading through Europe, or the chestnut blight that devastated American chestnut trees. But what is the effect of these diseases on ecosystem services performed by trees in natural and managed ecosystems? Boyd et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1235773 ) review the spread of tree diseases, as a result of globalization and climate change, and analyze the resulting damage to timber and fruit production, to climate regulation, and to parks and woodlands caused by tree diseases. [Abstract] Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services in addition to timber, food, and other provisioning services. New approaches to pest and disease management are needed that take into account these multiple services and the different stakeholders they benefit, as well as the likelihood of greater threats in the future resulting from globalization and climate change. These considerations will affect priorities for both basic and applied research and how trade and phytosanitary regulations are formulated.
@article{boydConsequenceTreePests2013,
title = {The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services},
author = {Boyd, I. L. and Freer-Smith, P. H. and Gilligan, C. A. and Godfray, H. C. J.},
date = {2013-11},
journaltitle = {Science},
volume = {342},
pages = {1235773+},
issn = {1095-9203},
doi = {10.1126/science.1235773},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235773},
abstract = {[Structured Abstract] [::Background]
Trees are major components of many terrestrial ecosystems and are grown in managed plantations and orchards to provide a variety of economically important products, including timber, pulp, fiber, and food. They are subject to a wide range of pests and diseases, of which the most important causative agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and insect herbivores. Research on tree pests and diseases has had a historical focus on trees of direct economic importance. However, some epidemics and infestations have damaged and killed common trees that are integral parts of natural ecosystems. These have harmed valuable landscapes and highlighted the wide-ranging consequences arising from tree pests and diseases. There is also growing concern that aspects of globalization -- in particular, higher volumes and new forms of trade -- may increase the risk of disease spread.
[::Advances]
We review the challenges in maintaining tree health in natural and managed ecosystems. It is argued that it is helpful to consider explicitly the consequences of pests and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. In addition to forest and orchard products, tree pests and diseases can affect the ability of forests to sequester and store carbon, reduce flood risk, and purify water. They can affect the biodiversity supported by trees and the recreational and cultural values accorded to woodland by people. Many of these benefits are uncosted and enjoyed by different classes of stakeholders, which raises difficult questions about who should be responsible for measures to protect tree health. Changes in the risk of pest and disease introduction, the increasing prevalence of genetic reassortment leading to novel disease threats, and the potential role of climate change are all highlighted.
[::Outlook]
Modern pest and disease management is based on an extensive science base that is rapidly developing, spurred in particular by modern molecular technologies. A research priority is to build a better understanding of why certain pathogens and insects become major pests and diseases. This will involve a better understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivory, as will ecological insights into why some species reach epidemic prevalence or abundance. It will also help anticipate which species may become a problem if they are transported to new geographical regions, recombine with other organisms, or experience new climatic conditions. However, identifying all species that may become pests will be impossible, and the Review stresses the importance of risk management at the ” pathway of introduction” level, especially when modern trade practices provide potential new routes of entry. Last, when ecosystem services are provided by woods and forests rather than individual tree species, we need to understand better the consequences of pests and diseases that attack or feed on particular species.
[Dead Wood]
Trees can be affected by a wide variety of diseases caused by insects, fungi, and other pathogens. Such diseases often make the headlines -- particularly when iconic tree species are affected -- for example, in the case of the ash dieback currently spreading through Europe, or the chestnut blight that devastated American chestnut trees. But what is the effect of these diseases on ecosystem services performed by trees in natural and managed ecosystems? Boyd et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1235773 ) review the spread of tree diseases, as a result of globalization and climate change, and analyze the resulting damage to timber and fruit production, to climate regulation, and to parks and woodlands caused by tree diseases.
[Abstract]
Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services in addition to timber, food, and other provisioning services. New approaches to pest and disease management are needed that take into account these multiple services and the different stakeholders they benefit, as well as the likelihood of greater threats in the future resulting from globalization and climate change. These considerations will affect priorities for both basic and applied research and how trade and phytosanitary regulations are formulated.},
keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12925598,~to-add-doi-URL,bioeconomy,climate-change,disturbances,ecology,economic-impacts,ecosystem-resilience,ecosystem-services,forest-pests,forest-resources,global-scale,nonmarket-impacts,plant-pests,resilience,sustainability},
number = {6160}
}
Downloads: 0
{"_id":"xoec5uJ5k27g4yGTc","bibbaseid":"boyd-freersmith-gilligan-godfray-theconsequenceoftreepestsanddiseasesforecosystemservices","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Boyd, I. L.","Freer-Smith, P. H.","Gilligan, C. A.","Godfray, H. C. J."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Boyd"],"firstnames":["I.","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Freer-Smith"],"firstnames":["P.","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gilligan"],"firstnames":["C.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Godfray"],"firstnames":["H.","C.","J."],"suffixes":[]}],"date":"2013-11","journaltitle":"Science","volume":"342","pages":"1235773+","issn":"1095-9203","doi":"10.1126/science.1235773","url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235773","abstract":"[Structured Abstract] [::Background] Trees are major components of many terrestrial ecosystems and are grown in managed plantations and orchards to provide a variety of economically important products, including timber, pulp, fiber, and food. They are subject to a wide range of pests and diseases, of which the most important causative agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and insect herbivores. Research on tree pests and diseases has had a historical focus on trees of direct economic importance. However, some epidemics and infestations have damaged and killed common trees that are integral parts of natural ecosystems. These have harmed valuable landscapes and highlighted the wide-ranging consequences arising from tree pests and diseases. There is also growing concern that aspects of globalization – in particular, higher volumes and new forms of trade – may increase the risk of disease spread. [::Advances] We review the challenges in maintaining tree health in natural and managed ecosystems. It is argued that it is helpful to consider explicitly the consequences of pests and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. In addition to forest and orchard products, tree pests and diseases can affect the ability of forests to sequester and store carbon, reduce flood risk, and purify water. They can affect the biodiversity supported by trees and the recreational and cultural values accorded to woodland by people. Many of these benefits are uncosted and enjoyed by different classes of stakeholders, which raises difficult questions about who should be responsible for measures to protect tree health. Changes in the risk of pest and disease introduction, the increasing prevalence of genetic reassortment leading to novel disease threats, and the potential role of climate change are all highlighted. [::Outlook] Modern pest and disease management is based on an extensive science base that is rapidly developing, spurred in particular by modern molecular technologies. A research priority is to build a better understanding of why certain pathogens and insects become major pests and diseases. This will involve a better understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivory, as will ecological insights into why some species reach epidemic prevalence or abundance. It will also help anticipate which species may become a problem if they are transported to new geographical regions, recombine with other organisms, or experience new climatic conditions. However, identifying all species that may become pests will be impossible, and the Review stresses the importance of risk management at the ” pathway of introduction” level, especially when modern trade practices provide potential new routes of entry. Last, when ecosystem services are provided by woods and forests rather than individual tree species, we need to understand better the consequences of pests and diseases that attack or feed on particular species. [Dead Wood] Trees can be affected by a wide variety of diseases caused by insects, fungi, and other pathogens. Such diseases often make the headlines – particularly when iconic tree species are affected – for example, in the case of the ash dieback currently spreading through Europe, or the chestnut blight that devastated American chestnut trees. But what is the effect of these diseases on ecosystem services performed by trees in natural and managed ecosystems? Boyd et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1235773 ) review the spread of tree diseases, as a result of globalization and climate change, and analyze the resulting damage to timber and fruit production, to climate regulation, and to parks and woodlands caused by tree diseases. [Abstract] Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services in addition to timber, food, and other provisioning services. New approaches to pest and disease management are needed that take into account these multiple services and the different stakeholders they benefit, as well as the likelihood of greater threats in the future resulting from globalization and climate change. These considerations will affect priorities for both basic and applied research and how trade and phytosanitary regulations are formulated.","keywords":"*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12925598,~to-add-doi-URL,bioeconomy,climate-change,disturbances,ecology,economic-impacts,ecosystem-resilience,ecosystem-services,forest-pests,forest-resources,global-scale,nonmarket-impacts,plant-pests,resilience,sustainability","number":"6160","bibtex":"@article{boydConsequenceTreePests2013,\n title = {The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services},\n author = {Boyd, I. L. and Freer-Smith, P. H. and Gilligan, C. A. and Godfray, H. C. J.},\n date = {2013-11},\n journaltitle = {Science},\n volume = {342},\n pages = {1235773+},\n issn = {1095-9203},\n doi = {10.1126/science.1235773},\n url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235773},\n abstract = {[Structured Abstract] [::Background]\n\nTrees are major components of many terrestrial ecosystems and are grown in managed plantations and orchards to provide a variety of economically important products, including timber, pulp, fiber, and food. They are subject to a wide range of pests and diseases, of which the most important causative agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and insect herbivores. Research on tree pests and diseases has had a historical focus on trees of direct economic importance. However, some epidemics and infestations have damaged and killed common trees that are integral parts of natural ecosystems. These have harmed valuable landscapes and highlighted the wide-ranging consequences arising from tree pests and diseases. There is also growing concern that aspects of globalization -- in particular, higher volumes and new forms of trade -- may increase the risk of disease spread.\n\n[::Advances]\n\nWe review the challenges in maintaining tree health in natural and managed ecosystems. It is argued that it is helpful to consider explicitly the consequences of pests and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. In addition to forest and orchard products, tree pests and diseases can affect the ability of forests to sequester and store carbon, reduce flood risk, and purify water. They can affect the biodiversity supported by trees and the recreational and cultural values accorded to woodland by people. Many of these benefits are uncosted and enjoyed by different classes of stakeholders, which raises difficult questions about who should be responsible for measures to protect tree health. Changes in the risk of pest and disease introduction, the increasing prevalence of genetic reassortment leading to novel disease threats, and the potential role of climate change are all highlighted.\n\n[::Outlook]\n\nModern pest and disease management is based on an extensive science base that is rapidly developing, spurred in particular by modern molecular technologies. A research priority is to build a better understanding of why certain pathogens and insects become major pests and diseases. This will involve a better understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivory, as will ecological insights into why some species reach epidemic prevalence or abundance. It will also help anticipate which species may become a problem if they are transported to new geographical regions, recombine with other organisms, or experience new climatic conditions. However, identifying all species that may become pests will be impossible, and the Review stresses the importance of risk management at the ” pathway of introduction” level, especially when modern trade practices provide potential new routes of entry. Last, when ecosystem services are provided by woods and forests rather than individual tree species, we need to understand better the consequences of pests and diseases that attack or feed on particular species.\n\n[Dead Wood]\n\nTrees can be affected by a wide variety of diseases caused by insects, fungi, and other pathogens. Such diseases often make the headlines -- particularly when iconic tree species are affected -- for example, in the case of the ash dieback currently spreading through Europe, or the chestnut blight that devastated American chestnut trees. But what is the effect of these diseases on ecosystem services performed by trees in natural and managed ecosystems? Boyd et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1235773 ) review the spread of tree diseases, as a result of globalization and climate change, and analyze the resulting damage to timber and fruit production, to climate regulation, and to parks and woodlands caused by tree diseases.\n\n[Abstract]\n\nTrees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services in addition to timber, food, and other provisioning services. New approaches to pest and disease management are needed that take into account these multiple services and the different stakeholders they benefit, as well as the likelihood of greater threats in the future resulting from globalization and climate change. These considerations will affect priorities for both basic and applied research and how trade and phytosanitary regulations are formulated.},\n keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12925598,~to-add-doi-URL,bioeconomy,climate-change,disturbances,ecology,economic-impacts,ecosystem-resilience,ecosystem-services,forest-pests,forest-resources,global-scale,nonmarket-impacts,plant-pests,resilience,sustainability},\n number = {6160}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Boyd, I. L.","Freer-Smith, P. H.","Gilligan, C. A.","Godfray, H. C. J."],"key":"boydConsequenceTreePests2013","id":"boydConsequenceTreePests2013","bibbaseid":"boyd-freersmith-gilligan-godfray-theconsequenceoftreepestsanddiseasesforecosystemservices","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235773"},"keyword":["*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM","~INRMM-MiD:c-12925598","~to-add-doi-URL","bioeconomy","climate-change","disturbances","ecology","economic-impacts","ecosystem-resilience","ecosystem-services","forest-pests","forest-resources","global-scale","nonmarket-impacts","plant-pests","resilience","sustainability"],"downloads":0},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://tmpfiles.org/dl/58794/INRMM.bib","creationDate":"2020-07-02T22:41:02.806Z","downloads":0,"keywords":["*imported-from-citeulike-inrmm","~inrmm-mid:c-12925598","~to-add-doi-url","bioeconomy","climate-change","disturbances","ecology","economic-impacts","ecosystem-resilience","ecosystem-services","forest-pests","forest-resources","global-scale","nonmarket-impacts","plant-pests","resilience","sustainability"],"search_terms":["consequence","tree","pests","diseases","ecosystem","services","boyd","freer-smith","gilligan","godfray"],"title":"The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services","year":null,"dataSources":["DXuKbcZTirdigFKPF"]}