@techreport{bradley_subsonic_2012,
	title = {Subsonic {Ultra} {Green} {Aircraft} {ResearchPhaseII}: {N}+4 {Advanced} {Concept} {Development}},
	url = {https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120009038},
	abstract = {This final report documents the work of the Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) team on Task 1 of the Phase II effort. The team consisted of Boeing Research and Technology, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, General Electric, and Georgia Tech. Using a quantitative workshop process, the following technologies, appropriate to aircraft operational in the N+4 2040 timeframe, were identified: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Hydrogen, fuel cell hybrids, battery electric hybrids, Low Energy Nuclear (LENR), boundary layer ingestion propulsion (BLI), unducted fans and advanced propellers, and combinations. Technology development plans were developed.The team generated a series of configurations with different combinations of some of thesetechnologies. The higher heating value of LNG reduces the weight of fuel burned, but because of heavier aircraft systems, more energy is used for a given flight. LNG fueled aircraft have the potential for significant emissions advantages and LNG enhances the integration of fuel cells into the aircraft propulsion and power system.An unducted fan increases propulsive efficiency and reduces fuel burn. Adding a fuel cell and electric motor into the propulsion system also leads to improvements in emissions and fuel burn. A n aft fuselage boundary layer propulsor also resulted in a fuel burn benefit.},
	author = {Bradley, Marty K and Droney, Christopher K},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publication Title: NASA/CR-2012-217556},
	keywords = {Commercial aircraft, Electric propulsion, Emissions, Green aircraft, Noise, Technology roadmaps},
	pages = {148},
}

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