Upgraded to Bad Jobs: Low-Wage Black Women's Relative Status since 1970. Branch, E., H. & Hanley, C. The Sociological Quarterly, 55(2):366-395, 2014.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Labor market changes complicate the analysis of black women's status relative to white women because education, occupational attainment, and race–gender are now less predictive of earnings. Low-wage black women's relative status has improved somewhat from 1970 to 2000, contrary to the well-documented decrease in relative status reported for all black women wage earners since 1980, but their dramatic occupational upgrading was not responsible for the trend. White-collar occupational positions formerly responsible for white women's relative earnings advantage no longer deliver that reward, as restructuring has produced a proliferation of bad jobs across occupational groups. This study argues that increasing exposure to precarious work is crucial to understanding changes in low-wage black women's relative economic status since 1970.
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 title = {Upgraded to Bad Jobs: Low-Wage Black Women's Relative Status since 1970},
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 year = {2014},
 pages = {366-395},
 volume = {55},
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 abstract = {Labor market changes complicate the analysis of black women's status relative to white women because education, occupational attainment, and race–gender are now less predictive of earnings. Low-wage black women's relative status has improved somewhat from 1970 to 2000, contrary to the well-documented decrease in relative status reported for all black women wage earners since 1980, but their dramatic occupational upgrading was not responsible for the trend. White-collar occupational positions formerly responsible for white women's relative earnings advantage no longer deliver that reward, as restructuring has produced a proliferation of bad jobs across occupational groups. This study argues that increasing exposure to precarious work is crucial to understanding changes in low-wage black women's relative economic status since 1970.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Branch, Enobong Hannah and Hanley, Caroline},
 doi = {10.1111/tsq.12053},
 journal = {The Sociological Quarterly},
 number = {2}
}

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