A Three-Person Model of Empathy. Breithaupt, F. Emotion Review, 4(1):84--91, January, 2012.
A Three-Person Model of Empathy [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
This article proposes a three-step model of empathy. It assumes that people have various empathy-related mechanisms available and thus can be described as hyper-empathic (Step 1). Under these conditions, the question of blocking and controlling empathy becomes a central issue to channel empathic attention and to avoid self-loss (Step 2). It is assumed that empathy can be sustained only when these mechanisms of controlling empathy are bypassed (Step 3). In particular, the article proposes a three-person scenario with one observing a conflict of two others. By taking the side of one of the combatants, the observer is led into empathizing, perhaps to justify her/his earlier side-taking.
@article{ breithaupt_three-person_2012,
  title = {A Three-Person Model of Empathy},
  volume = {4},
  url = {http://emr.sagepub.com/content/4/1/84.abstract},
  doi = {10.1177/1754073911421375},
  abstract = {This article proposes a three-step model of empathy. It assumes that people have various empathy-related mechanisms available and thus can be described as hyper-empathic (Step 1). Under these conditions, the question of blocking and controlling empathy becomes a central issue to channel empathic attention and to avoid self-loss (Step 2). It is assumed that empathy can be sustained only when these mechanisms of controlling empathy are bypassed (Step 3). In particular, the article proposes a three-person scenario with one observing a conflict of two others. By taking the side of one of the combatants, the observer is led into empathizing, perhaps to justify her/his earlier side-taking.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Emotion Review},
  author = {Breithaupt, Fritz},
  month = {January},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {84--91}
}

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