The Geographical Range Structure of the Holly Leaf-Miner. I. Population Density. Brewer, A. M. & Gaston, K. J. 71(1):99–111.
The Geographical Range Structure of the Holly Leaf-Miner. I. Population Density [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
[::] The local population density structure of a phytophagous insect, the holly leaf-miner Phytomyza ilicis Curtis, was examined across its natural geographical range in Europe. [::] The frequency distribution of the number of sample sites at which the leaf-miner attained different densities per tree was strongly right-skewed, with the species being absent from a large number of sites at which its host occurred, particularly in southern regions. [::] There was a decline in the spatial autocorrelation of leaf-miner densities with increasing distance between sample sites, with negative autocorrelation at long lags resulting in part from high densities being attained at the north-eastern range limits and low densities at the southern range limits. [::] Partial regression analysis was used to model leaf-miner densities in terms of spatial position within the geographical range and the broad climate experienced at the sample localities. This accounted for between 40 and 65\,% of the variation in densities, dependent upon how the leaf-miner's geographical range was defined. [::] While overall these results are at odds with common and intuitively appealing assertions about the abundance structure of geographical ranges, they can readily be interpreted in terms of a simple modification of a general model of such structures.
@article{brewerGeographicalRangeStructure2002,
  title = {The Geographical Range Structure of the Holly Leaf-Miner. {{I}}. {{Population}} Density},
  author = {Brewer, Andrew M. and Gaston, Kevin J.},
  date = {2002-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {99--111},
  issn = {0021-8790},
  doi = {10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00578.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00578.x},
  abstract = {[::] The local population density structure of a phytophagous insect, the holly leaf-miner Phytomyza ilicis Curtis, was examined across its natural geographical range in Europe. [::] The frequency distribution of the number of sample sites at which the leaf-miner attained different densities per tree was strongly right-skewed, with the species being absent from a large number of sites at which its host occurred, particularly in southern regions. [::] There was a decline in the spatial autocorrelation of leaf-miner densities with increasing distance between sample sites, with negative autocorrelation at long lags resulting in part from high densities being attained at the north-eastern range limits and low densities at the southern range limits. [::] Partial regression analysis was used to model leaf-miner densities in terms of spatial position within the geographical range and the broad climate experienced at the sample localities. This accounted for between 40 and 65\,\% of the variation in densities, dependent upon how the leaf-miner's geographical range was defined. [::] While overall these results are at odds with common and intuitively appealing assertions about the abundance structure of geographical ranges, they can readily be interpreted in terms of a simple modification of a general model of such structures.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13631691,forest-resources,ilex-aquifolium,plant-pests,tree-diseases},
  number = {1}
}

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