@article{broberg2004,
	Abstract = {During dynamic crack propagation, several distinct
changes in the morphology of the
dissipative region near the crack edge occur, and they have a pronounced
influence on the main
propagation mechanism. There are also distinct morphological differences
between mode I and mode II.
For mode I crack expansion, four successive generations of localization
may be observed:
micro-separations coalescing with the main crack, protruding clusters of
micro-separations,
micro-branches, and finally (macro-)branches. The region of
localizations is increasing laterally
from the main crack plane with crack growth and velocity, as it appears,
because of high normal
stresses in planes normal to the crack direction. If sufficient space is
available, an expanding
mode I crack accelerates to a constant velocity, which appears to
prevail even after branching and
multiple-branching. This indicates an amazing self-similarity over the
four generations of
localization. The morphology changes during crack propagation depend
both on the magnitude of the
applied load and on the travelled length of the crack edge. For mode II,
the energy dissipation
seems generally to be much more concentrated to the crack plane than for
mode I. A main reason
appears to be that normal stresses in planes normal to the crack
direction are comparatively small
in front of the crack. Therefore. strong micro-separation localizations
seem to appear mainly in
shear planes parallel with the crack plane. The appearance of such
localizations may be analogous to
the remarkable flow velocity Gradient discontinuity discovered in
turbulent shear flow near a wall.
As a consequence of the apparently stronger concentration of the
dissipative region to the crack
plane, a mode II crack can reach higher velocities than a mode I crack,
and it may even reach
intersonic velocities.},
	Author = {Broberg, K. B.},
	Issue = {4},
	Journal = {Int. J. Fract.},
	Month = {Dec},
	Pages = {723--742},
	Title = {Significance of morphology changes at a propagating crack edge},
	Volume = {130},
	Year = {2004},
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{"_id":"mXchH7LX5gmAiS87n","bibbaseid":"broberg-significanceofmorphologychangesatapropagatingcrackedge-2004","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-07-12T15:38:36.319Z","title":"Significance of morphology changes at a propagating crack edge","author_short":["Broberg, K. B."],"year":2004,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/564501919/CollectedPapers/MasterBibliography.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","abstract":"During dynamic crack propagation, several distinct changes in the morphology of the dissipative region near the crack edge occur, and they have a pronounced influence on the main propagation mechanism. There are also distinct morphological differences between mode I and mode II. For mode I crack expansion, four successive generations of localization may be observed: micro-separations coalescing with the main crack, protruding clusters of micro-separations, micro-branches, and finally (macro-)branches. The region of localizations is increasing laterally from the main crack plane with crack growth and velocity, as it appears, because of high normal stresses in planes normal to the crack direction. If sufficient space is available, an expanding mode I crack accelerates to a constant velocity, which appears to prevail even after branching and multiple-branching. This indicates an amazing self-similarity over the four generations of localization. The morphology changes during crack propagation depend both on the magnitude of the applied load and on the travelled length of the crack edge. For mode II, the energy dissipation seems generally to be much more concentrated to the crack plane than for mode I. A main reason appears to be that normal stresses in planes normal to the crack direction are comparatively small in front of the crack. Therefore. strong micro-separation localizations seem to appear mainly in shear planes parallel with the crack plane. The appearance of such localizations may be analogous to the remarkable flow velocity Gradient discontinuity discovered in turbulent shear flow near a wall. As a consequence of the apparently stronger concentration of the dissipative region to the crack plane, a mode II crack can reach higher velocities than a mode I crack, and it may even reach intersonic velocities.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Broberg"],"firstnames":["K.","B."],"suffixes":[]}],"issue":"4","journal":"Int. J. 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There are also distinct morphological differences\nbetween mode I and mode II.\nFor mode I crack expansion, four successive generations of localization\nmay be observed:\nmicro-separations coalescing with the main crack, protruding clusters of\nmicro-separations,\nmicro-branches, and finally (macro-)branches. The region of\nlocalizations is increasing laterally\nfrom the main crack plane with crack growth and velocity, as it appears,\nbecause of high normal\nstresses in planes normal to the crack direction. If sufficient space is\navailable, an expanding\nmode I crack accelerates to a constant velocity, which appears to\nprevail even after branching and\nmultiple-branching. This indicates an amazing self-similarity over the\nfour generations of\nlocalization. The morphology changes during crack propagation depend\nboth on the magnitude of the\napplied load and on the travelled length of the crack edge. For mode II,\nthe energy dissipation\nseems generally to be much more concentrated to the crack plane than for\nmode I. A main reason\nappears to be that normal stresses in planes normal to the crack\ndirection are comparatively small\nin front of the crack. Therefore. strong micro-separation localizations\nseem to appear mainly in\nshear planes parallel with the crack plane. The appearance of such\nlocalizations may be analogous to\nthe remarkable flow velocity Gradient discontinuity discovered in\nturbulent shear flow near a wall.\nAs a consequence of the apparently stronger concentration of the\ndissipative region to the crack\nplane, a mode II crack can reach higher velocities than a mode I crack,\nand it may even reach\nintersonic velocities.},\n\tAuthor = {Broberg, K. B.},\n\tIssue = {4},\n\tJournal = {Int. J. 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