Information as thing. Buckland, M. Journal of the American Society of Information Science, 42(5):351–360, June, 1991. doi abstract bibtex Three meanings of "information" are distinguished: "Information-as-process"; "information-as-knowledge"; and "information-as-thing", the attributive use of "information" to denote things regarded as informative. The nature and characteristics of "information-as-thing" are discussed, using an indirect approach ("What things are informative?"). Varieties of "information-as-thing" include data, text, documents, objects, and events. On this view "information" includes but extends beyond communication. Whatever information storage and retrieval systems store and retrieve is necessarily "information-as-thing". These three meanings of "information", along with "information processing", offer a basis for classifying disparate information-related activities (e.g. rhetoric, bibliographic retrieval, statistical analysis) and, thereby, suggest a topography for "information science".
@article{buckland_information_1991,
title = {Information as thing},
volume = {42},
doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199106)42:5<351::aid-asi5>3.0.co;2-3},
abstract = {Three meanings of "information" are distinguished: "Information-as-process"; "information-as-knowledge"; and "information-as-thing", the attributive use of "information" to denote things regarded as informative. The nature and characteristics of "information-as-thing" are discussed, using an indirect approach ("What things are informative?"). Varieties of "information-as-thing" include data, text, documents, objects, and events. On this view "information" includes but extends beyond communication. Whatever information storage and retrieval systems store and retrieve is necessarily "information-as-thing". These three meanings of "information", along with "information processing", offer a basis for classifying disparate information-related activities (e.g. rhetoric, bibliographic retrieval, statistical analysis) and, thereby, suggest a topography for "information science".},
number = {5},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Information Science},
author = {Buckland, Michael},
month = jun,
year = {1991},
keywords = {Ciência da informação, informação como coisa, processamento de informação},
pages = {351--360},
}
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