The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective: The importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes. Budig, M. J, Misra, J., & Boeckmann, I. Social Politics, 19(2):163–193, 2012. ISBN: 4135455972
The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective: The importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Mothers’ employment and earnings partly depend on social poli- cies and cultural norms supporting women’s paid and unpaid work. Previous research suggests that work–family policies are deeply shaped by their cultural context. We examine country var- iation in the associations between motherhood and earnings, in cultural attitudes surrounding women’s employment, and in child- care and parental leave policies. We model how cultural attitudes moderate the impact of policies on women’s earnings across coun- tries. Parental leaves and public childcare are associated with higher earnings for mothers when cultural support for maternal employment is high, but have less positive or even negative rela- tionships with earnings where cultural attitudes support the male breadwinner/female caregiver model. As
@article{Budig2012,
	title = {The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective: {The} importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {10724745},
	url = {https://watermark.silverchair.com/api/watermark?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAfUwggHxBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggHiMIIB3gIBADCCAdcGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMqCdWMLLgOiyPrTrIAgEQgIIBqDOMx_YEdWcyonVqQ72Qv8FlT_9xadiE1Th0J7CwtGTU4},
	doi = {10.1093/sp/jxs006},
	abstract = {Mothers’ employment and earnings partly depend on social poli- cies and cultural norms supporting women’s paid and unpaid work. Previous research suggests that work–family policies are deeply shaped by their cultural context. We examine country var- iation in the associations between motherhood and earnings, in cultural attitudes surrounding women’s employment, and in child- care and parental leave policies. We model how cultural attitudes moderate the impact of policies on women’s earnings across coun- tries. Parental leaves and public childcare are associated with higher earnings for mothers when cultural support for maternal employment is high, but have less positive or even negative rela- tionships with earnings where cultural attitudes support the male breadwinner/female caregiver model. As},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2017-09-20},
	journal = {Social Politics},
	author = {Budig, Michelle J and Misra, Joya and Boeckmann, Irene},
	year = {2012},
	note = {ISBN: 4135455972},
	pages = {163--193},
}

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