Adaptive Beacon Placement. Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., & Estrin, D. In Proceedings of the 21stInternational Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pages 489–498, Phoenix, AZ, April, 2001.
Adaptive Beacon Placement [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Beacon placement strongly affects the quality of spatial localization, a critical service for context-aware applications in wireless sensor networks; yet this aspect of localization has received little attention. Fixed beacon placement approaches such as uniform and very dense placement are not always viable and will be inadequate in very noisy environments in which sensor networks may be expected to operate (with high terrain and propagation uncertainties). In this paper, we motivate the need for empirically adaptive beacon placement and outline a general approach based on exploration and instrumentation of the terrain conditions by a mobile human or robot agent. We design, evaluate and analyze three novel adaptive beacon placement algorithms using this approach for localization based on RF-proximity. In our evaluation, we find that beacon density rather than noise level has a more significant impact on beacon placement algorithms. Our beacon placement algorithms are applicable to a low (beacon) density regime of operation. Noise makes moderate density regimes more improvable.
@InProceedings{Bulusu01a,
	  author =	"Nirupama Bulusu and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin",
	  title =		"Adaptive Beacon Placement",
	  booktitle =	"Proceedings of the " # "21st" # " International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems",
	  year =		2001,
	  sortdate = "2001-04-01",
	project = "ilense, scowr",
	jsubject = "sensornet_localization",
	  address =	"Phoenix, AZ",
	  month =		apr,
	  pages =		"489--498",
	  keywords =	"localization, beacon placement, self configuration, location",
	  url =	"http://www.isi.edu/%7ebulusu/papers/bulusu-icdcs01.ps",
	  location =	"johnh: folder: vint",
	  keywords =	"beacon placement algorithms, localization",
	  url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.html",
	  pdfurl =	"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.pdf",
	  psurl =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.ps.gz",
	  myorganization =	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	  copyrightholder = "IEEE",
	  copyrightterms = "	Personal use of this material is permitted.  However, 	permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising 	or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works         for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, 	or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works 	must be obtained from the IEEE. ",
	  abstract = "
  Beacon placement strongly affects the quality of spatial localization,
  a critical service for context-aware applications in wireless sensor
  networks; yet this aspect of localization has received little
  attention. Fixed beacon placement approaches such as uniform and very
  dense placement are not always viable and will be inadequate in very
  noisy environments in which sensor networks may be expected to operate
  (with high terrain and propagation uncertainties). In this paper, we
  motivate the need for empirically adaptive beacon placement and
  outline a general approach based on exploration and instrumentation of
  the terrain conditions by a mobile human or robot agent. We design,
  evaluate and analyze three novel adaptive beacon placement algorithms
  using this approach for localization based on RF-proximity. In our
  evaluation, we find that beacon density rather than noise level has a
  more significant impact on beacon placement algorithms. Our beacon
  placement algorithms are applicable to a low (beacon) density regime
  of operation. Noise makes moderate density regimes more improvable.
  "
}

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