@TechReport{Bulusu02c,
	 author = "Nirupama Bulusu and John Heidemann and
		  Deborah Estrin and Tommy Tran",
	 title = 	"Self-Configuring Localization Systems: Design
		 and Experimental Evaluation",
	 institution = 	"University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing",
	 year = 		2002,
	  sortdate = "2002-09-01",
	project = "ilense, scadds, scowr, nocredit",
	jsubject = "sensornet_localization",
	 number =	8,
	 month =		sep,
	 note =		"Accepted to appear, ACM TOCS",
	 location =	"johnh: folder: xxx",
	 location =	"johnh: pafile",
	 keywords =	"localization",
	 otherurl =		"http://www.cs.ucla.edu/%7ebulusu/papers/Bulusu02c.html",
	 url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.html",
	 pdfurl =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.pdf",
	 copyrightholder = "ACM", 
	 copyrightterms = "	Permission to make digital or 	hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or 	classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies 	are not made or distributed for profit or commercial 	advantage and that new copies bear this notice and the full 	citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this 	work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with 	credit  is permitted.   	To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to 	redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission 	and/or a fee. Request Permissions from 	Publications Dept, ACM Inc., 	Fax +1 (212) 869--0481, or 	permissions@acm.org. ", 
	 myorganization =	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	 abstract = "
 Embedded networked sensors---those that coordinate amongst themselves
 to achieve a sensing task---promise to revolutionize the way we live,
 work and interact with the physical environment.  Fundamental to such
 coordination is \emph{localization}, or the ability to establish
 spatial relationships among such devices.  In very large, ad hoc
 deployed sensor networks, a localization system based on beacons
 (special nodes that are position-aware by virtue of being endowed with
 more sophisticated ranging hardware) can be used to localize smaller
 devices consistently even in a completely decentralized and scalable
 manner.  However, in unattended sensor networks, these localization
 systems must {\emph {self-configure, i.e.,}} autonomously adapt to the
 dynamics of their environmental setting and the availability of
 beacons, instead of relying on extensive pre-configuration or manual
 reconfiguration.  In this paper, we present the motivation, design,
 implementation and experimental evaluation of a self-configuring
 localization system based on beacons. We identify \emph{density} as an
 important parameter in determining localization quality, and propose
 HEAP and STROBE, two algorithms to enable system self-configuration
 based on beacon density. Building on the observation that the quality
 of localization saturates at a transition beacon density, these
 algorithms (i) automate placement of new beacons at low densities to
 significantly improve localization quality or (ii) rotate
 functionality amongst redundant beacons at high beacon densities to
 significantly increase overall system lifetime. Our performance
 results include experimental results from implementation of an
 RF-proximity based localization system using nodes with sharply
 limited resources (8-bit microprocessor, 8-K ROM, 512 bytes RAM,
 limited battery life).
 "
}

{"_id":"r2FtA7kZTNMxtFCN4","bibbaseid":"bulusu-heidemann-estrin-tran-selfconfiguringlocalizationsystemsdesignandexperimentalevaluation-2002","author_short":["Bulusu, N.","Heidemann, J.","Estrin, D.","Tran, T."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"techreport","author":[{"firstnames":["Nirupama"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bulusu"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["John"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Heidemann"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Deborah"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Estrin"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Tommy"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tran"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Self-Configuring Localization Systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing","year":"2002","sortdate":"2002-09-01","project":"ilense, scadds, scowr, nocredit","jsubject":"sensornet_localization","number":"8","month":"September","note":"Accepted to appear, ACM TOCS","location":"johnh: pafile","keywords":"localization","otherurl":"http://www.cs.ucla.edu/%7ebulusu/papers/Bulusu02c.html","url":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.html","pdfurl":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.pdf","copyrightholder":"ACM","copyrightterms":"Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that new copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request Permissions from Publications Dept, ACM Inc., Fax +1 (212) 869–0481, or permissions@acm.org. ","myorganization":"USC/Information Sciences Institute","abstract":"Embedded networked sensors—those that coordinate amongst themselves to achieve a sensing task—promise to revolutionize the way we live, work and interact with the physical environment. Fundamental to such coordination is \\emphlocalization, or the ability to establish spatial relationships among such devices. In very large, ad hoc deployed sensor networks, a localization system based on beacons (special nodes that are position-aware by virtue of being endowed with more sophisticated ranging hardware) can be used to localize smaller devices consistently even in a completely decentralized and scalable manner. However, in unattended sensor networks, these localization systems must \\emph self-configure, i.e., autonomously adapt to the dynamics of their environmental setting and the availability of beacons, instead of relying on extensive pre-configuration or manual reconfiguration. In this paper, we present the motivation, design, implementation and experimental evaluation of a self-configuring localization system based on beacons. We identify \\emphdensity as an important parameter in determining localization quality, and propose HEAP and STROBE, two algorithms to enable system self-configuration based on beacon density. Building on the observation that the quality of localization saturates at a transition beacon density, these algorithms (i) automate placement of new beacons at low densities to significantly improve localization quality or (ii) rotate functionality amongst redundant beacons at high beacon densities to significantly increase overall system lifetime. Our performance results include experimental results from implementation of an RF-proximity based localization system using nodes with sharply limited resources (8-bit microprocessor, 8-K ROM, 512 bytes RAM, limited battery life). ","bibtex":"@TechReport{Bulusu02c,\n\t author = \"Nirupama Bulusu and John Heidemann and\n\t\t Deborah Estrin and Tommy Tran\",\n\t title = \t\"Self-Configuring Localization Systems: Design\n\t\t and Experimental Evaluation\",\n\t institution = \t\"University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing\",\n\t year = \t\t2002,\n\t sortdate = \"2002-09-01\",\n\tproject = \"ilense, scadds, scowr, nocredit\",\n\tjsubject = \"sensornet_localization\",\n\t number =\t8,\n\t month =\t\tsep,\n\t note =\t\t\"Accepted to appear, ACM TOCS\",\n\t location =\t\"johnh: folder: xxx\",\n\t location =\t\"johnh: pafile\",\n\t keywords =\t\"localization\",\n\t otherurl =\t\t\"http://www.cs.ucla.edu/%7ebulusu/papers/Bulusu02c.html\",\n\t url =\t\t\"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.html\",\n\t pdfurl =\t\t\"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.pdf\",\n\t copyrightholder = \"ACM\", \n\t copyrightterms = \"\tPermission to make digital or \thard copies of part or all of this work for personal or \tclassroom use is granted without fee provided that copies \tare not made or distributed for profit or commercial \tadvantage and that new copies bear this notice and the full \tcitation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this \twork owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with \tcredit is permitted. \tTo copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to \tredistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission \tand/or a fee. Request Permissions from \tPublications Dept, ACM Inc., \tFax +1 (212) 869--0481, or \tpermissions@acm.org. \", \n\t myorganization =\t\"USC/Information Sciences Institute\",\n\t abstract = \"\n Embedded networked sensors---those that coordinate amongst themselves\n to achieve a sensing task---promise to revolutionize the way we live,\n work and interact with the physical environment. Fundamental to such\n coordination is \\emph{localization}, or the ability to establish\n spatial relationships among such devices. In very large, ad hoc\n deployed sensor networks, a localization system based on beacons\n (special nodes that are position-aware by virtue of being endowed with\n more sophisticated ranging hardware) can be used to localize smaller\n devices consistently even in a completely decentralized and scalable\n manner. However, in unattended sensor networks, these localization\n systems must {\\emph {self-configure, i.e.,}} autonomously adapt to the\n dynamics of their environmental setting and the availability of\n beacons, instead of relying on extensive pre-configuration or manual\n reconfiguration. In this paper, we present the motivation, design,\n implementation and experimental evaluation of a self-configuring\n localization system based on beacons. We identify \\emph{density} as an\n important parameter in determining localization quality, and propose\n HEAP and STROBE, two algorithms to enable system self-configuration\n based on beacon density. Building on the observation that the quality\n of localization saturates at a transition beacon density, these\n algorithms (i) automate placement of new beacons at low densities to\n significantly improve localization quality or (ii) rotate\n functionality amongst redundant beacons at high beacon densities to\n significantly increase overall system lifetime. Our performance\n results include experimental results from implementation of an\n RF-proximity based localization system using nodes with sharply\n limited resources (8-bit microprocessor, 8-K ROM, 512 bytes RAM,\n limited battery life).\n \"\n}\n\n","author_short":["Bulusu, N.","Heidemann, J.","Estrin, D.","Tran, T."],"bibbaseid":"bulusu-heidemann-estrin-tran-selfconfiguringlocalizationsystemsdesignandexperimentalevaluation-2002","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Bulusu02c.html"},"keyword":["localization"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"techreport","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/f/dHevizJoWEhWowz8q/johnh-2023-2.bib","dataSources":["YLyu3mj3xsBeoqiHK","fLZcDgNSoSuatv6aX","fxEParwu2ZfurScPY","7nuQvtHTqKrLmgu99"],"keywords":["localization"],"search_terms":["self","configuring","localization","systems","design","experimental","evaluation","bulusu","heidemann","estrin","tran"],"title":"Self-Configuring Localization Systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation","year":2002}