Dysregulation of the immune environment in the airways during HIV infection. Bunjun, R., Soares, A. P, Thawer, N., Müller, T. L, Kiravu, A., Ginbot, Z., Corleis, B., Murugan, B. D, Kwon, D. S, von Groote-Bidlingmaier, F., Riou, C., Wilkinson, R. J, Walzl, G., & Burgers, W. A Frontiers in Immunology, 12:707355, Frontiers, jun, 2021. ![Dysregulation of the immune environment in the airways during HIV infection [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex HIV-1 increases susceptibility to pulmonary infection and disease, suggesting pathogenesis in the lung. However, the lung immune environment during HIV infection remains poorly characterised. This study examined T cell activation and the cytokine milieu in paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood from 36 HIV-uninfected and 32 HIV-infected participants. Concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured by Luminex, and T cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. Blood and BAL had distinct cytokine profiles (p=0.001). In plasma, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-g (p=0.004) and TNF-a (p=0.004) were elevated during HIV infection, as expected. Conversely, BAL cytokine concentrations were similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, despite high BAL viral loads (VL; median 48,000 copies/ml epithelial lining fluid). HIV-infected individuals had greater numbers of T cells in BAL compared to uninfected individuals (p=0.007); and BAL VL positively associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers (p=0.006 and p=0.0002, respectively) and CXCL10 concentrations (p=0.02). BAL T cells were highly activated in HIV-infected individuals, with nearly 2-3 fold greater frequencies of CD4+CD38+ (1.8-fold; p=0.007), CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ (1.9-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+CD38+ (2.8-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+HLA-DR+ (2-fold; p=0.022) and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ (3.6-fold; p\textless0.0001) cells compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Overall, this study demonstrates a clear disruption of the pulmonary immune environment during HIV infection, with readily detectable virus and activated T lymphocytes, which may be driven to accumulate by local chemokines.
@article{Bunjun2021,
abstract = {HIV-1 increases susceptibility to pulmonary infection and disease, suggesting pathogenesis in the lung. However, the lung immune environment during HIV infection remains poorly characterised. This study examined T cell activation and the cytokine milieu in paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood from 36 HIV-uninfected and 32 HIV-infected participants. Concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured by Luminex, and T cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. Blood and BAL had distinct cytokine profiles (p=0.001). In plasma, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-g (p=0.004) and TNF-a (p=0.004) were elevated during HIV infection, as expected. Conversely, BAL cytokine concentrations were similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, despite high BAL viral loads (VL; median 48,000 copies/ml epithelial lining fluid). HIV-infected individuals had greater numbers of T cells in BAL compared to uninfected individuals (p=0.007); and BAL VL positively associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers (p=0.006 and p=0.0002, respectively) and CXCL10 concentrations (p=0.02). BAL T cells were highly activated in HIV-infected individuals, with nearly 2-3 fold greater frequencies of CD4+CD38+ (1.8-fold; p=0.007), CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ (1.9-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+CD38+ (2.8-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+HLA-DR+ (2-fold; p=0.022) and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ (3.6-fold; p{\textless}0.0001) cells compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Overall, this study demonstrates a clear disruption of the pulmonary immune environment during HIV infection, with readily detectable virus and activated T lymphocytes, which may be driven to accumulate by local chemokines.},
author = {Bunjun, Rubina and Soares, Andreia P and Thawer, Narjis and M{\"{u}}ller, Tracey L and Kiravu, Agano and Ginbot, Zekarias and Corleis, Bj{\"{o}}rn and Murugan, Brandon D and Kwon, Douglas S and von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Florian and Riou, Catherine and Wilkinson, Robert J and Walzl, Gerhard and Burgers, Wendy A},
doi = {10.3389/FIMMU.2021.707355},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bunjun et al. - 2021 - Dysregulation of the immune environment in the airways during HIV infection.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1664-3224},
journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
keywords = {Cytokines,HIV,Inflammation,Lung,OA,OA{\_}PMC,T cells,activation,fund{\_}ack,original},
mendeley-tags = {OA,OA{\_}PMC,fund{\_}ack,original},
month = {jun},
pages = {707355},
pmid = {34276702},
publisher = {Frontiers},
title = {{Dysregulation of the immune environment in the airways during HIV infection}},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.707355/full},
volume = {12},
year = {2021}
}
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In plasma, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-g (p=0.004) and TNF-a (p=0.004) were elevated during HIV infection, as expected. Conversely, BAL cytokine concentrations were similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, despite high BAL viral loads (VL; median 48,000 copies/ml epithelial lining fluid). HIV-infected individuals had greater numbers of T cells in BAL compared to uninfected individuals (p=0.007); and BAL VL positively associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers (p=0.006 and p=0.0002, respectively) and CXCL10 concentrations (p=0.02). BAL T cells were highly activated in HIV-infected individuals, with nearly 2-3 fold greater frequencies of CD4+CD38+ (1.8-fold; p=0.007), CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ (1.9-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+CD38+ (2.8-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+HLA-DR+ (2-fold; p=0.022) and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ (3.6-fold; p\\textless0.0001) cells compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. 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