@misc{buswell_abhicara_2014,
	address = {Princeton},
	title = {abhicāra},
	isbn = {978-1-4008-4805-8},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400848058/html},
	abstract = {[alt. abhicara] (T. mngon spyod). In Sanskrit, “magic” or “wrathful action”; in ANUTTARAYOGATANTRA, the fourth of the four activities (CATURKARMAN) of the Buddhist tantric adept. Abhicāra is broken down into māraṇa “killing,” mohana “enchanting,” stambhana “paralyzing,” vidveṣaṇa “rendering harm through
animosity,” uccāṭana “removing or driving away,” and vaśīkaraṇa “subduing.” After initiation (ABHIŚEKA), adepts who keep their tantric commitments (SAMAYA) properly and reach the requisite yogic level are empowered to use four sorts of enlightened activity, as appropriate: these four types of activities are (1) those that are pacifying (S. ŚĀNTICĀRA); (2) those that increase prosperity,
life span, etc. (PAUŚṬIKA), when necessary for the spread of the doctrine; (3) those that subjugate or tame (S. VAŚĪKARAṆA) the unruly; and finally (4) those that are violent or drastic measures (abhicāra) such as war, when the situation requires it. In the MAÑJUŚRĪNĀMASAṂGĪTI, Cānakya, Candragupta’s minister, is said to have used abhicāra against his enemies, and because of this misuse of tantric power was condemned to suffer the consequences in hell. Throughout the history of Buddhist tantra, the justification of violence by invoking the category of abhicāra
has been a contentious issue. PADMASAMBHAVA is said to have tamed the unruly spirits of Tibet, sometimes violently, with his magical powers, and the violent acts that RWA LO TSĀ BA in the eleventh century countenanced against those who
criticized his practices are justified by categorizing them as abhicāra.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-04-25},
	journal = {The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	author = {Buswell, Robert E. and Lopez, Donald S.},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1515/9781400848058},
	keywords = {abhicāra},
	pages = {2--3},
}

{"_id":"nDMTecBj2pqsbro3m","bibbaseid":"buswell-lopez-abhicra-2014","author_short":["Buswell, R. E.","Lopez, D. S."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"misc","type":"misc","address":"Princeton","title":"abhicāra","isbn":"978-1-4008-4805-8","url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400848058/html","abstract":"[alt. abhicara] (T. mngon spyod). In Sanskrit, “magic” or “wrathful action”; in ANUTTARAYOGATANTRA, the fourth of the four activities (CATURKARMAN) of the Buddhist tantric adept. Abhicāra is broken down into māraṇa “killing,” mohana “enchanting,” stambhana “paralyzing,” vidveṣaṇa “rendering harm through animosity,” uccāṭana “removing or driving away,” and vaśīkaraṇa “subduing.” After initiation (ABHIŚEKA), adepts who keep their tantric commitments (SAMAYA) properly and reach the requisite yogic level are empowered to use four sorts of enlightened activity, as appropriate: these four types of activities are (1) those that are pacifying (S. ŚĀNTICĀRA); (2) those that increase prosperity, life span, etc. (PAUŚṬIKA), when necessary for the spread of the doctrine; (3) those that subjugate or tame (S. VAŚĪKARAṆA) the unruly; and finally (4) those that are violent or drastic measures (abhicāra) such as war, when the situation requires it. In the MAÑJUŚRĪNĀMASAṂGĪTI, Cānakya, Candragupta’s minister, is said to have used abhicāra against his enemies, and because of this misuse of tantric power was condemned to suffer the consequences in hell. Throughout the history of Buddhist tantra, the justification of violence by invoking the category of abhicāra has been a contentious issue. PADMASAMBHAVA is said to have tamed the unruly spirits of Tibet, sometimes violently, with his magical powers, and the violent acts that RWA LO TSĀ BA in the eleventh century countenanced against those who criticized his practices are justified by categorizing them as abhicāra.","language":"en","urldate":"2023-04-25","journal":"The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism","publisher":"Princeton University Press","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Buswell"],"firstnames":["Robert","E."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lopez"],"firstnames":["Donald","S."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2014","doi":"10.1515/9781400848058","keywords":"abhicāra","pages":"2–3","bibtex":"@misc{buswell_abhicara_2014,\n\taddress = {Princeton},\n\ttitle = {abhicāra},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4008-4805-8},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400848058/html},\n\tabstract = {[alt. abhicara] (T. mngon spyod). In Sanskrit, “magic” or “wrathful action”; in ANUTTARAYOGATANTRA, the fourth of the four activities (CATURKARMAN) of the Buddhist tantric adept. Abhicāra is broken down into māraṇa “killing,” mohana “enchanting,” stambhana “paralyzing,” vidveṣaṇa “rendering harm through\nanimosity,” uccāṭana “removing or driving away,” and vaśīkaraṇa “subduing.” After initiation (ABHIŚEKA), adepts who keep their tantric commitments (SAMAYA) properly and reach the requisite yogic level are empowered to use four sorts of enlightened activity, as appropriate: these four types of activities are (1) those that are pacifying (S. ŚĀNTICĀRA); (2) those that increase prosperity,\nlife span, etc. (PAUŚṬIKA), when necessary for the spread of the doctrine; (3) those that subjugate or tame (S. VAŚĪKARAṆA) the unruly; and finally (4) those that are violent or drastic measures (abhicāra) such as war, when the situation requires it. In the MAÑJUŚRĪNĀMASAṂGĪTI, Cānakya, Candragupta’s minister, is said to have used abhicāra against his enemies, and because of this misuse of tantric power was condemned to suffer the consequences in hell. Throughout the history of Buddhist tantra, the justification of violence by invoking the category of abhicāra\nhas been a contentious issue. PADMASAMBHAVA is said to have tamed the unruly spirits of Tibet, sometimes violently, with his magical powers, and the violent acts that RWA LO TSĀ BA in the eleventh century countenanced against those who\ncriticized his practices are justified by categorizing them as abhicāra.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-04-25},\n\tjournal = {The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Buswell, Robert E. and Lopez, Donald S.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/9781400848058},\n\tkeywords = {abhicāra},\n\tpages = {2--3},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Buswell, R. E.","Lopez, D. S."],"key":"buswell_abhicara_2014","id":"buswell_abhicara_2014","bibbaseid":"buswell-lopez-abhicra-2014","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400848058/html"},"keyword":["abhicāra"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"misc","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/angermv9","dataSources":["JCac3ppk6Csn3W8Y4"],"keywords":["abhicāra"],"search_terms":["abhic","buswell","lopez"],"title":"abhicāra","year":2014}