Understanding culture across species. Byrne, R. W, Barnard, P. J, Davidson, I., Janik, V. M, McGrew, W. C, Miklósi, A., & Wiessner, P. Trends Cogn Sci, 8(8):341-6, 2004.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Recent claims of culture in great apes have provoked fervent argument about the 'true' definition of culture, most of which has been unhelpful. Instead, a range of definitions should be used to explore different aspects of the cognitive processes that together result in human culture, many of which can be productively studied in non-humans. A richer cognitive account of the contents of culture needs to be developed and used to compare animal and human cultures, instead of sterile searching for a cognitive Rubicon between them. Exploring six views of culture, this article highlights the fundamental contrast of whether culture evolves as a by-product of cumulative change in cognitive mechanisms, or whether it is actively selected for its advantages.
@Article{Byrne2004,
  author   = {Richard W Byrne and Philip J Barnard and Iain Davidson and Vincent M Janik and William C McGrew and Adam Mikl\'osi and Polly Wiessner},
  journal  = {Trends Cogn Sci},
  title    = {Understanding culture across species.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {8},
  pages    = {341-6},
  volume   = {8},
  abstract = {Recent claims of culture in great apes have provoked fervent argument
	about the 'true' definition of culture, most of which has been unhelpful.
	Instead, a range of definitions should be used to explore different
	aspects of the cognitive processes that together result in human
	culture, many of which can be productively studied in non-humans.
	A richer cognitive account of the contents of culture needs to be
	developed and used to compare animal and human cultures, instead
	of sterile searching for a cognitive Rubicon between them. Exploring
	six views of culture, this article highlights the fundamental contrast
	of whether culture evolves as a by-product of cumulative change in
	cognitive mechanisms, or whether it is actively selected for its
	advantages.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.tics.2004.06.002},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Animals, Brain, Cognition, Culture, Humans, Learning, Non-U.S. Gov't, Psychological, Research Support, Social Behavior, 15335460},
}

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