Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet. Cai, X. & Heidemann, J. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Conference , pages 99–110, New Delhi, India, August, 2010. ACM. ![Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Although the Internet is widely used today, we have little information about the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls, and sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement difficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1% of the Internet address space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate how Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses often have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes (61% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbors or more). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to explore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we provide information about how effectively network address blocks appear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are only lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of /24 blocks are in use less than 10% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4 address space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new measurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly 40% of /24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic addressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the Internet (more than 80% in China, while less than 30% in the U.S.). Third, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that such blocks are often underutilized.
@InProceedings{Cai10a,
author = "Xue Cai and John Heidemann",
title = "Understanding Block-level Address Usage
in the Visible {Internet}",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the " # " ACM SIGCOMM Conference ",
pages = "99--110",
year = 2010,
sortdate = "2010-08-01",
project = "ant, amite, madcat",
jsubject = "topology_modeling",
address = "New Delhi, India",
month = aug,
publisher = "ACM",
jlocation = "johnh: pafile",
keywords = "internet address scans, block classification",
copyrightholder = "ACM",
copyrightterms = "Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ",
doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1851182.1851196",
url = "https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html",
pdfurl = "https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.pdf",
abstract = "
Although the Internet is widely used today, we have little information
about the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls,
and sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement
difficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1\% of the Internet
address space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate
how Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses
often have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes
(61\% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbors or
more). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to
explore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we
provide information about how effectively network address blocks
appear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are
only lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of /24 blocks are
in use less than 10\% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4
address space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new
measurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly
40\% of /24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic
addressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the
Internet (more than 80\% in China, while less than 30\% in the U.S.).
Third, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that
such blocks are often underutilized.
",
}
Downloads: 0
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To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1851182.1851196","url":"https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html","pdfurl":"https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.pdf","abstract":"Although the Internet is widely used today, we have little information about the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls, and sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement difficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1% of the Internet address space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate how Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses often have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes (61% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbors or more). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to explore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we provide information about how effectively network address blocks appear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are only lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of /24 blocks are in use less than 10% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4 address space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new measurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly 40% of /24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic addressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the Internet (more than 80% in China, while less than 30% in the U.S.). Third, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that such blocks are often underutilized. 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To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. \",\n\tdoi = \"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1851182.1851196\",\n\turl =\t\t\"https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html\",\n\tpdfurl =\t\"https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.pdf\",\n\tabstract = \"\nAlthough the Internet is widely used today, we have little information\nabout the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls,\nand sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement\ndifficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1\\% of the Internet\naddress space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate\nhow Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses\noften have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes\n(61\\% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbors or\nmore). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to\nexplore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we\nprovide information about how effectively network address blocks\nappear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are\nonly lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of /24 blocks are\nin use less than 10\\% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4\naddress space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new\nmeasurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly\n40\\% of /24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic\naddressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the\nInternet (more than 80\\% in China, while less than 30\\% in the U.S.).\nThird, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that\nsuch blocks are often underutilized.\n\",\n}\n\n","author_short":["Cai, X.","Heidemann, J."],"bibbaseid":"cai-heidemann-understandingblockleveladdressusageinthevisibleinternet-2010","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://ant.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Cai10a.html"},"keyword":["internet address scans","block classification"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"inproceedings","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/f/dHevizJoWEhWowz8q/johnh-2023-2.bib","dataSources":["YLyu3mj3xsBeoqiHK","fLZcDgNSoSuatv6aX","fxEParwu2ZfurScPY","7nuQvtHTqKrLmgu99"],"keywords":["internet address scans","block classification"],"search_terms":["understanding","block","level","address","usage","visible","internet","cai","heidemann"],"title":"Understanding Block-level Address Usage in the Visible Internet","year":2010}