Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers. Callaghan, T. V., Jonasson, C., Thierfelder, T., Yang, Z., Hedenås, H., Johansson, M., Molau, U., Bogaert, R. V., Michelsen, A., Olofsson, J., Gwynn-Jones, D., Bokhorst, S., Phoenix, G., Bjerke, J. W., Tømmervik, H., Christensen, T. R., Hanna, E., Koller, E. K., & Sloan, V. L. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 368(1624):20120488, August, 2013.
Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.
@article{callaghan_ecosystem_2013,
	title = {Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the {Swedish} subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers},
	volume = {368},
	copyright = {© 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0962-8436, 1471-2970},
	shorttitle = {Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the {Swedish} subarctic},
	url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1624/20120488},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0488},
	abstract = {The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600\%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1624},
	urldate = {2017-02-07},
	journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
	author = {Callaghan, Terry V. and Jonasson, Christer and Thierfelder, Tomas and Yang, Zhenlin and Hedenås, Henrik and Johansson, Margareta and Molau, Ulf and Bogaert, Rik Van and Michelsen, Anders and Olofsson, Johan and Gwynn-Jones, Dylan and Bokhorst, Stef and Phoenix, Gareth and Bjerke, Jarle W. and Tømmervik, Hans and Christensen, Torben R. and Hanna, Edward and Koller, Eva K. and Sloan, Victoria L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {\#nosource, climate change impacts, ecosystem stability, subarctic environment},
	pages = {20120488},
}
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