The pollination deficit: Towards supply chain resilience in the face of pollinator decline. Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, Fauna & Flora International, University of East Anglia, & UNEP-WCMC Technical Report UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK, 2017.
The pollination deficit: Towards supply chain resilience in the face of pollinator decline [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
As a society we are increasingly dependent on pollinators. The proportion of global agricultural production that depends on pollinators has increased fourfold since 1961. Much of this dependence is linked to wild pollinators. Where data exists, we are seeing evidence of wild pollinator decline. Over 16 per cent of vertebrate pollinators are threatened with global extinction, 9 per cent of wild bee and butterfly species face local extinction and available National Red Lists show up to 50 per cent of bee species assessed are nationally threatened. This could pose an unidentified risk – a pollination deficit – in agricultural supply chains. This report presents the results of a year-long project aimed at improving the understanding of pollination risk within private sector supply chains.

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