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@article{cardin_driving_2009,
	title = {Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses},
	volume = {459},
	issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nature08002},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08002},
	abstract = {Cortical gamma oscillations (20-80 Hz) predict increases in focused attention, and failure in gamma regulation is a hallmark of neurological and psychiatric disease. Current theory predicts that gamma oscillations are generated by synchronous activity of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons, with the resulting rhythmic inhibition producing neural ensemble synchrony by generating a narrow window for effective excitation. We causally tested these hypotheses in barrel cortex in vivo by targeting optogenetic manipulation selectively to fast-spiking interneurons. Here we show that light-driven activation of fast-spiking interneurons at varied frequencies (8-200 Hz) selectively amplifies gamma oscillations. In contrast, pyramidal neuron activation amplifies only lower frequency oscillations, a cell-type-specific double dissociation. We found that the timing of a sensory input relative to a gamma cycle determined the amplitude and precision of evoked responses. Our data directly support the fast-spiking-gamma hypothesis and provide the first causal evidence that distinct network activity states can be induced in vivo by cell-type-specific activation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7247},
	urldate = {2020-03-12},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Cardin, Jessica A. and Carlén, Marie and Meletis, Konstantinos and Knoblich, Ulf and Zhang, Feng and Deisseroth, Karl and Tsai, Li-Huei and Moore, Christopher I.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {663--667},
	file = {Accepted Version:/Users/jjallen/Zotero/storage/6XIEVP3N/Cardin et al. - 2009 - Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm an.pdf:application/pdf}
}