@article{g._catsadorakis_conservation_nodate,
	title = {Conservation and management issues of {Prespa} {National} {Park}},
	abstract = {The present article describes the human activities in the area and their changes and trends, given that the contemporary
nature conservation key issues are closely related to past and present socio-economic and cultural conditions,
both within Prespa itself and outside of it. The liberation of Prespa, a remote and rather socially isolated borderline
area, from Ottoman occupation took place in 1912–13. Recent events in its environmental history have been forest
clearings and human depopulation in the CivilWar (1944–49), irrigation system construction in the 1960s, its ‘discovery’
by ornithologists in the late 1960s, the high emigration rates of 1960–1980, its designation as a National
Park in 1974, the destructive development works of 1984–86 after Greece’s entry to the EEC and the conversion to
intensive bean cultivation in the mid 1980s.
The human population of ca 7000 at the start of this century suffered an almost 80\% decrease after the Civil
War. A resettlement in the mid 1950s increased the population by 40\% but in the 1970s emigration reduced it to its
previous size of around 1500, still its present size. The extensive and diverse farming systems of previous centuries
changed gradually after the construction of an irrigation network in the 1960s, which twenty years later and along
with international changes in production and economy patterns, made possible the present day domination of a bean
monoculture within irrigated croplands. This was accompanied by increased energy inputs, mechanisation and the
use of chemicals. Intensification of agriculture brought increased incomes which attracted also livestock keepers,
resulting in a 56\% decrease in numbers of livestock in 1964–1993. Cattle are presently kept for meat production
only. They graze on the mountains, and no longer in the meadows around the lakeshore. A local shorthorn breed
accounting for 93\% of all cattle in 1963 declined to less than 18\% in 1993. Fishing aimed mainly at carp and
Prespa bleak, continues today as in the past to be a source of supplementary income. Eighty-six per cent of the –
mainly oak and beech – forests are State owned and the rest belong to local municipalities. The forest area has not
changed essentially in the last 40 years, but forest roads have expanded. Forests provide mainly fuelwood for local
needs and small quantities of industrial timber. No specific management is conducted to safeguard the conservation
values of the forest, the majority of which consists of even aged coppiced stands with limited value for wildlife.
Manufacturing never played an important role for the economy of the area. Tourism has increased in the last 20
years, concentrated mainly in summer and spring. Accommodation in the villages is not yet satisfactory though
it has improved enormously in recent years. The National Park’s infrastructure for visitors remains poor. Tourist
pressure generally is not yet that high to impact drastically the social and environmental fabric. In places, hunting,
angling and poaching can negatively affect the target species. The construction of the irrigation network in the
eastern part of Lake Mikri Prespa was the most important change to the landscape and the habitats of Prespa the last
30 years. It resulted in the embankment of free-flowing streams, drainage of wet meadows and dramatic reduction
of trees and hedges. In the last 15 years, the reedbeds, no longer burnt or mowed and assisted by increased nutrient
loadings from agricultural runoff, have expanded landward to occupy formerly open, periodically flooded, areas.
The above changes in habitats and land use have brought an impoverishment of biodiversity which can be seen in
the extermination or the decrease in the numbers of certain plant and bird species.},
	author = {G. Catsadorakis and M. Malakou},
	keywords = {Greece, National Parkmanagement, Prespa, biodiversity conservation, cultural landscapes, ecological integrity, ecosystem management, human ecology, integratedmanagement approach, protected area management, wetland conservation, wetland management},
}

{"_id":"THLCLD5H9RoZW8a3m","bibbaseid":"catsadorakis-malakou-conservationandmanagementissuesofprespanationalpark","author_short":["Catsadorakis, G.","Malakou, M."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Conservation and management issues of Prespa National Park","abstract":"The present article describes the human activities in the area and their changes and trends, given that the contemporary nature conservation key issues are closely related to past and present socio-economic and cultural conditions, both within Prespa itself and outside of it. The liberation of Prespa, a remote and rather socially isolated borderline area, from Ottoman occupation took place in 1912–13. Recent events in its environmental history have been forest clearings and human depopulation in the CivilWar (1944–49), irrigation system construction in the 1960s, its ‘discovery’ by ornithologists in the late 1960s, the high emigration rates of 1960–1980, its designation as a National Park in 1974, the destructive development works of 1984–86 after Greece’s entry to the EEC and the conversion to intensive bean cultivation in the mid 1980s. The human population of ca 7000 at the start of this century suffered an almost 80% decrease after the Civil War. A resettlement in the mid 1950s increased the population by 40% but in the 1970s emigration reduced it to its previous size of around 1500, still its present size. The extensive and diverse farming systems of previous centuries changed gradually after the construction of an irrigation network in the 1960s, which twenty years later and along with international changes in production and economy patterns, made possible the present day domination of a bean monoculture within irrigated croplands. This was accompanied by increased energy inputs, mechanisation and the use of chemicals. Intensification of agriculture brought increased incomes which attracted also livestock keepers, resulting in a 56% decrease in numbers of livestock in 1964–1993. Cattle are presently kept for meat production only. They graze on the mountains, and no longer in the meadows around the lakeshore. A local shorthorn breed accounting for 93% of all cattle in 1963 declined to less than 18% in 1993. Fishing aimed mainly at carp and Prespa bleak, continues today as in the past to be a source of supplementary income. Eighty-six per cent of the – mainly oak and beech – forests are State owned and the rest belong to local municipalities. The forest area has not changed essentially in the last 40 years, but forest roads have expanded. Forests provide mainly fuelwood for local needs and small quantities of industrial timber. No specific management is conducted to safeguard the conservation values of the forest, the majority of which consists of even aged coppiced stands with limited value for wildlife. Manufacturing never played an important role for the economy of the area. Tourism has increased in the last 20 years, concentrated mainly in summer and spring. Accommodation in the villages is not yet satisfactory though it has improved enormously in recent years. The National Park’s infrastructure for visitors remains poor. Tourist pressure generally is not yet that high to impact drastically the social and environmental fabric. In places, hunting, angling and poaching can negatively affect the target species. The construction of the irrigation network in the eastern part of Lake Mikri Prespa was the most important change to the landscape and the habitats of Prespa the last 30 years. It resulted in the embankment of free-flowing streams, drainage of wet meadows and dramatic reduction of trees and hedges. In the last 15 years, the reedbeds, no longer burnt or mowed and assisted by increased nutrient loadings from agricultural runoff, have expanded landward to occupy formerly open, periodically flooded, areas. The above changes in habitats and land use have brought an impoverishment of biodiversity which can be seen in the extermination or the decrease in the numbers of certain plant and bird species.","author":[{"firstnames":["G."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Catsadorakis"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["M."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Malakou"],"suffixes":[]}],"keywords":"Greece, National Parkmanagement, Prespa, biodiversity conservation, cultural landscapes, ecological integrity, ecosystem management, human ecology, integratedmanagement approach, protected area management, wetland conservation, wetland management","bibtex":"@article{g._catsadorakis_conservation_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Conservation and management issues of {Prespa} {National} {Park}},\n\tabstract = {The present article describes the human activities in the area and their changes and trends, given that the contemporary\nnature conservation key issues are closely related to past and present socio-economic and cultural conditions,\nboth within Prespa itself and outside of it. The liberation of Prespa, a remote and rather socially isolated borderline\narea, from Ottoman occupation took place in 1912–13. Recent events in its environmental history have been forest\nclearings and human depopulation in the CivilWar (1944–49), irrigation system construction in the 1960s, its ‘discovery’\nby ornithologists in the late 1960s, the high emigration rates of 1960–1980, its designation as a National\nPark in 1974, the destructive development works of 1984–86 after Greece’s entry to the EEC and the conversion to\nintensive bean cultivation in the mid 1980s.\nThe human population of ca 7000 at the start of this century suffered an almost 80\\% decrease after the Civil\nWar. A resettlement in the mid 1950s increased the population by 40\\% but in the 1970s emigration reduced it to its\nprevious size of around 1500, still its present size. The extensive and diverse farming systems of previous centuries\nchanged gradually after the construction of an irrigation network in the 1960s, which twenty years later and along\nwith international changes in production and economy patterns, made possible the present day domination of a bean\nmonoculture within irrigated croplands. This was accompanied by increased energy inputs, mechanisation and the\nuse of chemicals. Intensification of agriculture brought increased incomes which attracted also livestock keepers,\nresulting in a 56\\% decrease in numbers of livestock in 1964–1993. Cattle are presently kept for meat production\nonly. They graze on the mountains, and no longer in the meadows around the lakeshore. A local shorthorn breed\naccounting for 93\\% of all cattle in 1963 declined to less than 18\\% in 1993. Fishing aimed mainly at carp and\nPrespa bleak, continues today as in the past to be a source of supplementary income. Eighty-six per cent of the –\nmainly oak and beech – forests are State owned and the rest belong to local municipalities. The forest area has not\nchanged essentially in the last 40 years, but forest roads have expanded. Forests provide mainly fuelwood for local\nneeds and small quantities of industrial timber. No specific management is conducted to safeguard the conservation\nvalues of the forest, the majority of which consists of even aged coppiced stands with limited value for wildlife.\nManufacturing never played an important role for the economy of the area. Tourism has increased in the last 20\nyears, concentrated mainly in summer and spring. Accommodation in the villages is not yet satisfactory though\nit has improved enormously in recent years. The National Park’s infrastructure for visitors remains poor. Tourist\npressure generally is not yet that high to impact drastically the social and environmental fabric. In places, hunting,\nangling and poaching can negatively affect the target species. The construction of the irrigation network in the\neastern part of Lake Mikri Prespa was the most important change to the landscape and the habitats of Prespa the last\n30 years. It resulted in the embankment of free-flowing streams, drainage of wet meadows and dramatic reduction\nof trees and hedges. In the last 15 years, the reedbeds, no longer burnt or mowed and assisted by increased nutrient\nloadings from agricultural runoff, have expanded landward to occupy formerly open, periodically flooded, areas.\nThe above changes in habitats and land use have brought an impoverishment of biodiversity which can be seen in\nthe extermination or the decrease in the numbers of certain plant and bird species.},\n\tauthor = {G. Catsadorakis and M. Malakou},\n\tkeywords = {Greece, National Parkmanagement, Prespa, biodiversity conservation, cultural landscapes, ecological integrity, ecosystem management, human ecology, integratedmanagement approach, protected area management, wetland conservation, wetland management},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Catsadorakis, G.","Malakou, M."],"key":"g._catsadorakis_conservation_nodate","id":"g._catsadorakis_conservation_nodate","bibbaseid":"catsadorakis-malakou-conservationandmanagementissuesofprespanationalpark","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Greece","National Parkmanagement","Prespa","biodiversity conservation","cultural landscapes","ecological integrity","ecosystem management","human ecology","integratedmanagement approach","protected area management","wetland conservation","wetland management"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/dim.c.papadopoulos","dataSources":["PDb9TQj2BZ6ye2PAv"],"keywords":["greece","national parkmanagement","prespa","biodiversity conservation","cultural landscapes","ecological integrity","ecosystem management","human ecology","integratedmanagement approach","protected area management","wetland conservation","wetland management"],"search_terms":["conservation","management","issues","prespa","national","park","catsadorakis","malakou"],"title":"Conservation and management issues of Prespa National Park","year":null}