@article{ chattopadhyay_quantum_2006,
  title = {Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals for immunophenotyping by polychromatic flow cytometry},
  volume = {12},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16862156 http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v12/n8/pdf/nm1371.pdf},
  doi = {10.1038/nm1371},
  abstract = {Immune responses arise from a wide variety of cells expressing unique combinations of multiple cell-surface proteins. Detailed characterization is hampered, however, by limitations in available probes and instrumentation. Here, we use the unique spectral properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) to extend the capabilities of polychromatic flow cytometry to resolve 17 fluorescence emissions. We show the need for this power by analyzing, in detail, the phenotype of multiple antigen-specific T-cell populations, revealing variations within complex phenotypic patterns that would otherwise remain obscure. For example, T cells specific for distinct epitopes from one pathogen, and even those specific for the same epitope, can have markedly different phenotypes. The technology we describe, encompassing the detection of eight quantum dots in conjunction with conventional fluorophores, should expand the horizons of flow cytometry, as well as our ability to characterize the intricacies of both adaptive and innate cellular immune responses.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {8},
  journal = {Nature medicine},
  author = {Chattopadhyay, P K and Price, D A and Harper, T F and Betts, M R and Yu, J and Gostick, E and Perfetto, S P and Goepfert, P and Koup, R A and De Rosa, S C and Bruchez, M P and Roederer, M},
  year = {2006},
  keywords = {*Nanotechnology, *Quantum Dots, Antigens, {CD}3/immunology, {CD}8/immunology, Epitopes, Flow Cytometry/*methods, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, Fluorescent Dyes, {HLA}-{DR} Antigens/immunology, Humans, Immunophenotyping/*methods, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Semiconductors, T-Lymphocytes/immunology},
  pages = {972--977},
  file = {2006 Chattopadhyay Nature medicine - Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals.pdf:C\:\\Users\̊je\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\5wru9u0w.default\\zotero\\storage\\6Z59J6ZT\\2006 Chattopadhyay Nature medicine - Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals.pdf:application/pdf}
}

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Here, we use the unique spectral properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) to extend the capabilities of polychromatic flow cytometry to resolve 17 fluorescence emissions. We show the need for this power by analyzing, in detail, the phenotype of multiple antigen-specific T-cell populations, revealing variations within complex phenotypic patterns that would otherwise remain obscure. For example, T cells specific for distinct epitopes from one pathogen, and even those specific for the same epitope, can have markedly different phenotypes. 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Detailed characterization is hampered, however, by limitations in available probes and instrumentation. Here, we use the unique spectral properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) to extend the capabilities of polychromatic flow cytometry to resolve 17 fluorescence emissions. We show the need for this power by analyzing, in detail, the phenotype of multiple antigen-specific T-cell populations, revealing variations within complex phenotypic patterns that would otherwise remain obscure. For example, T cells specific for distinct epitopes from one pathogen, and even those specific for the same epitope, can have markedly different phenotypes. 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