SMOTE: Synthetic Minority over-Sampling Technique. Chawla, N. V., Bowyer, K. W., Hall, L. O., & Kegelmeyer, W. P. 16:321–357.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally rep-resented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of " normal " examples with only a small percentage of " abnormal " or " interesting " examples. It is also the case that the cost of misclassifying an abnormal (interesting) example as a normal example is often much higher than the cost of the reverse error. Under-sampling of the majority (nor-mal) class has been proposed as a good means of increasing the sensitivity of a classifier to the minority class. This paper shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority (abnormal) class and under-sampling the majority (normal) class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than only under-sampling the majority class. This paper also shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority class and under-sampling the majority class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than varying the loss ratios in Ripper or class priors in Naive Bayes. Our method of over-sampling the minority class involves creating synthetic minority class examples. Experiments are performed using C4.5, Ripper and a Naive Bayes classifier. The method is evaluated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) and the ROC convex hull strategy.
@article{chawlaSMOTESyntheticMinority2002,
  title = {{{SMOTE}}: {{Synthetic}} Minority over-Sampling Technique},
  volume = {16},
  issn = {10769757},
  doi = {10.1613/jair.953},
  abstract = {An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally rep-resented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of " normal " examples with only a small percentage of " abnormal " or " interesting " examples. It is also the case that the cost of misclassifying an abnormal (interesting) example as a normal example is often much higher than the cost of the reverse error. Under-sampling of the majority (nor-mal) class has been proposed as a good means of increasing the sensitivity of a classifier to the minority class. This paper shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority (abnormal) class and under-sampling the majority (normal) class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than only under-sampling the majority class. This paper also shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority class and under-sampling the majority class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than varying the loss ratios in Ripper or class priors in Naive Bayes. Our method of over-sampling the minority class involves creating synthetic minority class examples. Experiments are performed using C4.5, Ripper and a Naive Bayes classifier. The method is evaluated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) and the ROC convex hull strategy.},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  date = {2002},
  pages = {321--357},
  author = {Chawla, Nitesh V. and Bowyer, Kevin W. and Hall, Lawrence O. and Kegelmeyer, W. Philip},
  file = {/home/dimitri/Nextcloud/Zotero/storage/2U6ALGSG/Chawla et al. - 2002 - SMOTE Synthetic minority over-sampling technique.pdf},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {18190633}
}

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