@article{Chen2021,
abstract = {COVID-19 clinical presentation differs considerably between individuals, ranging from asymptomatic, mild/moderate and severe disease which in some cases are fatal or result in long-term effects. Identifying immune mechanisms behind severe disease development informs screening strategies to predict who are at greater risk of developing life-threatening complications. However, to date clear prognostic indicators of individual risk of severe or long COVID remain elusive. Autoantibodies recognize a range of self-antigens and upon antigen recognition and binding, important processes involved in inflammation, pathogen defence and coagulation are modified. Recent studies report a significantly higher prevalence of autoantibodies that target immunomodulatory proteins including cytokines, chemokines, complement components, and cell surface proteins in COVID-19 patients experiencing severe disease compared to those who experience mild or asymptomatic infections. Here we discuss the diverse impacts of autoantibodies on immune processes and associations with severe COVID-19 disease.},
author = {Chen, Catherine and Amelia, Aisah and Ashdown, George W and Mueller, Ivo and Coussens, Anna K and Eriksson, Emily M},
doi = {10.1186/S10020-021-00422-Z},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chen et al. - 2021 - Risk surveillance and mitigation autoantibodies as triggers and inhibitors of severe reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infect.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1528-3658},
journal = {Molecular Medicine},
keywords = {Autoimmunity,COVID-19,Molecular Medicine,OA,OA{\_}PMC,SARS-CoV-2,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,review},
mendeley-tags = {OA,OA{\_}PMC,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,review},
month = {dec},
pages = {160},
pmid = {34930107},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
title = {{Risk surveillance and mitigation: autoantibodies as triggers and inhibitors of severe reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection}},
url = {https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10020-021-00422-z},
volume = {27},
year = {2021}
}

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Autoantibodies recognize a range of self-antigens and upon antigen recognition and binding, important processes involved in inflammation, pathogen defence and coagulation are modified. Recent studies report a significantly higher prevalence of autoantibodies that target immunomodulatory proteins including cytokines, chemokines, complement components, and cell surface proteins in COVID-19 patients experiencing severe disease compared to those who experience mild or asymptomatic infections. 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