@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {3-20},
 publisher = {Nova Science Publishers,},
 city = {Hauppauge, NY, US},
 id = {cc9d4f19-5f4b-3fde-b271-cf62d2405aeb},
 created = {2012-01-16T22:12:40.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {031c901b-e377-3792-995f-e5d0201f5174},
 group_id = {40d3c649-5c00-3aab-bec6-a8b04ea00666},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:04:22.077Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
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 abstract = {The Parental Account of Children's Symptoms (PACS) is a semi-structured research diagnostic instrument, designed to capture accurately and systematically the clinical phenotypes relating to hyperactivity, especially Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and Hyperkinetic Disorder along with other related childhood psychiatric disorders. It is an instrument initially developed in the 1970s-80s to measure treatment response to stimulants. It has since been applied to a number of large epidemiological studies and interventional studies. Also over time, different versions of PACS have been developed to accommodate changing editions of diagnostic systems. Other formats of PACS have also been created to provide more age sensitive applications, such as versions for preschoolers and adolescents. PACS was designed to capture both the dimensions of AD/HD symptoms dimensionally and categorical diagnoses. These characteristics can now be usefully applied to study the genetic aetiology of AD/HD using a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) approach. In this chapter, the background of QTL analysis for genetic studies of ADHD and the historical development of PACS are first described, followed by a detailed description of the structure and contents of PACS. The interview techniques of PACS are also discussed, along with its measures of reliability and validity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of applications and future development of PACS in relation to genetic studies of AD/HD.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Chen, Wai and Taylor, Eric},
 editor = {Oades, Robert D},
 chapter = {Parental Account of Children's Symptoms (PACS), ADHD Phenotypes and its Application to Molecular Genetic Studies. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and the hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS): Current ideas and ways forward.},
 title = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and the hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS): Current ideas and ways forward}
}

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