Out-of-plane orbital characters of intrinsic and doped holes in La2−xSrxCuO4. Chen, C. T., Tjeng, L. H., Kwo, J., Kao, H. L., Rudolf, P., Sette, F., & Fleming, R. M. Physical Review Letters, 68(16):2543–2546, April, 1992.
Out-of-plane orbital characters of intrinsic and doped holes in La2−xSrxCuO4 [pdf]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Bulk-sensitive, polarization-dependent oxygen K - and copper L -edge absorption spectra of single-domain La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 with CuO 2 planes tilted off the sample surface were measured. A novel experimental configuration was utilized to achieve complete polarization geometry and eliminate optical path variations. Contrary to previous measurements, our data show for both intrinsic and doped holes a significant amount of O 2 p z character, likely associated with apical O , but a very weak Cu3 d 3 z 2 - r 2 character. The quantitative results impose strong contraints on superconductivity models invoking out-of-plane orbitals, and suggest that the apical O 2 p z orbital may play an important role in high- T c phenomena.

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