Enhanced magnetic microcytometer with 3D flow focusing for cell enumeration. Chicharo, A., Martins, M., Barnsley, L. C., Taouallah, A., Fernandes, J., Silva, B. F. B., Cardoso, S., Dieguez, L., Espina, B., & Freitas, P. P. LAB ON A CHIP, 18(17):2593-2603, SEP 7, 2018.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
We report the design and characterization of a lateral and vertical hydrodynamic focusing feature for whole cell detection on a miniaturized flow cytometer. The developed system, based on magnetic sensing, incorporates spin valve sensors on the bottom of the microfluidic channels that detect cells labeled with magnetic beads. An adaptable 3D hydrodynamic focusing system was developed that pushes labeled cells towards the bottom of the microchannel, closer to the sensors, allowing increased signal amplitude for cells labeled with magnetic beads and enhanced discrimination of labeled cells. Fluorescence microscopy indicates that the lateral and vertical hydrodynamic focusing effect was adequately implemented, consistent with simulation predictions. The sensitivity of the system to detect labeled cells was improved by at least two-fold. By estimating the coverage of magnetic beads on cells, the signal from labeled cells could be predicted using a mathematical model, which also demonstrated the sensitivity of the signal to the height of the cells relative to the sensor. The system is versatile allowing interchangeable flow rates for cells with different diameters.
@article{ ISI:000443279400009,
Author = {Chicharo, Alexandre and Martins, Marco and Barnsley, Lester C. and
   Taouallah, Amal and Fernandes, Joao and Silva, Bruno F. B. and Cardoso,
   Susana and Dieguez, Lorena and Espina, Begona and Freitas, Paulo P.},
Title = {{Enhanced magnetic microcytometer with 3D flow focusing for cell
   enumeration}},
Journal = {{LAB ON A CHIP}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{17}},
Pages = {{2593-2603}},
Month = {{SEP 7}},
Abstract = {{We report the design and characterization of a lateral and vertical
   hydrodynamic focusing feature for whole cell detection on a miniaturized
   flow cytometer. The developed system, based on magnetic sensing,
   incorporates spin valve sensors on the bottom of the microfluidic
   channels that detect cells labeled with magnetic beads. An adaptable 3D
   hydrodynamic focusing system was developed that pushes labeled cells
   towards the bottom of the microchannel, closer to the sensors, allowing
   increased signal amplitude for cells labeled with magnetic beads and
   enhanced discrimination of labeled cells. Fluorescence microscopy
   indicates that the lateral and vertical hydrodynamic focusing effect was
   adequately implemented, consistent with simulation predictions. The
   sensitivity of the system to detect labeled cells was improved by at
   least two-fold. By estimating the coverage of magnetic beads on cells,
   the signal from labeled cells could be predicted using a mathematical
   model, which also demonstrated the sensitivity of the signal to the
   height of the cells relative to the sensor. The system is versatile
   allowing interchangeable flow rates for cells with different diameters.}},
DOI = {{10.1039/c8lc00486b}},
ISSN = {{1473-0197}},
EISSN = {{1473-0189}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dieguez, Lorena/E-4676-2011
   Silva, Bruno F.B./F-8591-2015
   de Freitas, Susana Cardoso/B-6199-2013
   Chicharo, Alexandre/T-4781-2017
   Freitas, Paulo J.P./B-6164-2013
   Espina, Begona/H-1723-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Dieguez, Lorena/0000-0003-3695-6963
   Silva, Bruno F.B./0000-0002-8997-6311
   de Freitas, Susana Cardoso/0000-0001-6913-6529
   Chicharo, Alexandre/0000-0002-5788-4316
   Freitas, Paulo J.P./0000-0003-0015-1186
   Espina, Begona/0000-0002-7645-2834
   Martins, Joao Marco/0000-0002-1531-1675
   Barnsley, Lester/0000-0002-1341-905X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000443279400009}},
}

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