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@article{
 title = {Multiple anthropogenic stressors cause ecological surprises in boreal lakes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {ACIDIFICATION,CLIMATE,ELA,ENCLOSURES,FIELD EXPERIMENTS,GLOBAL WARMING,L302S,METHODS,PHYTOPLANKTON,TEMPERATURE,ZOOPLANKTON},
 pages = {2316-2322},
 volume = {12},
 id = {bad9a6b0-b64f-30b7-bd80-0a9f347a7a73},
 created = {2019-07-11T22:03:16.110Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {3c181434-ae75-3e95-a723-2bfcc2f14c0b},
 group_id = {db3318bf-b2fb-3b86-9f1d-17188c0ddfa3},
 last_modified = {2021-02-19T18:36:12.469Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Christensen2006},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The number of combinations of anthropogenic stressors affecting global change is increasing; however, few studies have empirically tested for their interactive effects on ecosystems. Most importantly, interactions among ecological stressors generate nonadditive effects that cannot be easily predicted based on single-stressor studies. Here, we corroborate findings from an in situ mesocosm experiment with evidence from a whole-ecosystem manipulation to demonstrate for the first time that interactions between climate and acidification determine their cumulative impact on the food-web structure of coldwater lakes. Interactions among warming, drought, and acidification, rather than the sum of their individual effects, best explained significant changes in planktonic consumer and producer biomass over a 23-year period. Further, these stressors interactively exerted significant synergistic and antagonistic effects on consumers and producers, respectively. The observed prevalence of long- and short-term ecological surprises involving the cumulative impacts of multiple anthropogenic stressors highlights the high degree of uncertainty surrounding current forecasts of the consequences of global change.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Christensen, M. R. and Graham, M. D. and Vinebrooke, R. D. and Findlay, D. L. and Paterson, M. J. and Turner, M. A.},
 journal = {Global Change Biology},
 number = {12}
}