Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling. Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y.
abstract   bibtex   
In this paper we compare different types of recurrent units in recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Especially, we focus on more sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism, such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit and a recently proposed gated recurrent unit (GRU). We evaluate these recurrent units on the tasks of polyphonic music modeling and speech signal modeling. Our experiments revealed that these advanced recurrent units are indeed better than more traditional recurrent units such as tanh units. Also, we found GRU to be comparable to LSTM.
@article{chungEmpiricalEvaluationGated2014,
  title = {Empirical {{Evaluation}} of {{Gated Recurrent Neural Networks}} on {{Sequence Modeling}}},
  abstract = {In this paper we compare different types of recurrent units in recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Especially, we focus on more sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism, such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit and a recently proposed gated recurrent unit (GRU). We evaluate these recurrent units on the tasks of polyphonic music modeling and speech signal modeling. Our experiments revealed that these advanced recurrent units are indeed better than more traditional recurrent units such as tanh units. Also, we found GRU to be comparable to LSTM.},
  journaltitle = {arXiv},
  date = {2014},
  pages = {1--9},
  author = {Chung, Junyoung and Gulcehre, Caglar and Cho, KyungHyun and Bengio, Yoshua},
  file = {/home/dimitri/Nextcloud/Zotero/storage/7KF8GQ4W/Chung et al. - 2014 - Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling.pdf}
}

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