Radial glia in the proliferative ventricular zone of the embryonic and adult turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Clinton, B. K, Cunningham, C. L, Kriegstein, A. R, Noctor, S. C, & Martı́nez-Cerdeño, Verónica Neurogenesis (Austin), 1(1):e970905, December, 2014. abstract bibtex To better understand the role of radial glial (RG) cells in the evolution of the mammalian cerebral cortex, we investigated the role of RG cells in the dorsal cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge of the turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Unlike mammals, the glial architecture of adult reptile consists mainly of ependymoradial glia, which share features with mammalian RG cells, and which may contribute to neurogenesis that continues throughout the lifespan of the turtle. To evaluate the morphology and proliferative capacity of ependymoradial glia (here referred to as RG cells) in the dorsal cortex of embryonic and adult turtle, we adapted the cortical electroporation technique, commonly used in rodents, to the turtle telencephalon. Here, we demonstrate the morphological and functional characteristics of RG cells in the developing turtle dorsal cortex. We show that cell division occurs both at the ventricle and away from the ventricle, that RG cells undergo division at the ventricle during neurogenic stages of development, and that mitotic Tbr2+ precursor cells, a hallmark of the mammalian SVZ, are present in the turtle cortex. In the adult turtle, we show that RG cells encompass a morphologically heterogeneous population, particularly in the subpallium where proliferation is most prevalent. One RG subtype is similar to RG cells in the developing mammalian cortex, while 2 other RG subtypes appear to be distinct from those seen in mammal. We propose that the different subtypes of RG cells in the adult turtle perform distinct functions.
@ARTICLE{Clinton2014-bb,
title = "Radial glia in the proliferative ventricular zone of the
embryonic and adult turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans",
author = "Clinton, Brian K and Cunningham, Christopher L and Kriegstein,
Arnold R and Noctor, Stephen C and Mart{\'\i}nez-Cerde{\~n}o,
Ver{\'o}nica",
abstract = "To better understand the role of radial glial (RG) cells in the
evolution of the mammalian cerebral cortex, we investigated the
role of RG cells in the dorsal cortex and dorsal ventricular
ridge of the turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Unlike mammals,
the glial architecture of adult reptile consists mainly of
ependymoradial glia, which share features with mammalian RG
cells, and which may contribute to neurogenesis that continues
throughout the lifespan of the turtle. To evaluate the morphology
and proliferative capacity of ependymoradial glia (here referred
to as RG cells) in the dorsal cortex of embryonic and adult
turtle, we adapted the cortical electroporation technique,
commonly used in rodents, to the turtle telencephalon. Here, we
demonstrate the morphological and functional characteristics of
RG cells in the developing turtle dorsal cortex. We show that
cell division occurs both at the ventricle and away from the
ventricle, that RG cells undergo division at the ventricle during
neurogenic stages of development, and that mitotic Tbr2+
precursor cells, a hallmark of the mammalian SVZ, are present in
the turtle cortex. In the adult turtle, we show that RG cells
encompass a morphologically heterogeneous population,
particularly in the subpallium where proliferation is most
prevalent. One RG subtype is similar to RG cells in the
developing mammalian cortex, while 2 other RG subtypes appear to
be distinct from those seen in mammal. We propose that the
different subtypes of RG cells in the adult turtle perform
distinct functions.",
journal = "Neurogenesis (Austin)",
volume = 1,
number = 1,
pages = "e970905",
month = dec,
year = 2014,
keywords = "adult; development; neurogenesis; radial glia; telencephalon;
turtle; ventricular zone",
language = "en"
}
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C","Martı́nez-Cerdeño, Verónica"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Radial glia in the proliferative ventricular zone of the embryonic and adult turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Clinton"],"firstnames":["Brian","K"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cunningham"],"firstnames":["Christopher","L"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kriegstein"],"firstnames":["Arnold","R"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Noctor"],"firstnames":["Stephen","C"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Martı́nez-Cerdeño, Verónica"],"suffixes":[]}],"abstract":"To better understand the role of radial glial (RG) cells in the evolution of the mammalian cerebral cortex, we investigated the role of RG cells in the dorsal cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge of the turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Unlike mammals, the glial architecture of adult reptile consists mainly of ependymoradial glia, which share features with mammalian RG cells, and which may contribute to neurogenesis that continues throughout the lifespan of the turtle. To evaluate the morphology and proliferative capacity of ependymoradial glia (here referred to as RG cells) in the dorsal cortex of embryonic and adult turtle, we adapted the cortical electroporation technique, commonly used in rodents, to the turtle telencephalon. Here, we demonstrate the morphological and functional characteristics of RG cells in the developing turtle dorsal cortex. We show that cell division occurs both at the ventricle and away from the ventricle, that RG cells undergo division at the ventricle during neurogenic stages of development, and that mitotic Tbr2+ precursor cells, a hallmark of the mammalian SVZ, are present in the turtle cortex. In the adult turtle, we show that RG cells encompass a morphologically heterogeneous population, particularly in the subpallium where proliferation is most prevalent. One RG subtype is similar to RG cells in the developing mammalian cortex, while 2 other RG subtypes appear to be distinct from those seen in mammal. 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Unlike mammals,\n the glial architecture of adult reptile consists mainly of\n ependymoradial glia, which share features with mammalian RG\n cells, and which may contribute to neurogenesis that continues\n throughout the lifespan of the turtle. To evaluate the morphology\n and proliferative capacity of ependymoradial glia (here referred\n to as RG cells) in the dorsal cortex of embryonic and adult\n turtle, we adapted the cortical electroporation technique,\n commonly used in rodents, to the turtle telencephalon. Here, we\n demonstrate the morphological and functional characteristics of\n RG cells in the developing turtle dorsal cortex. We show that\n cell division occurs both at the ventricle and away from the\n ventricle, that RG cells undergo division at the ventricle during\n neurogenic stages of development, and that mitotic Tbr2+\n precursor cells, a hallmark of the mammalian SVZ, are present in\n the turtle cortex. In the adult turtle, we show that RG cells\n encompass a morphologically heterogeneous population,\n particularly in the subpallium where proliferation is most\n prevalent. One RG subtype is similar to RG cells in the\n developing mammalian cortex, while 2 other RG subtypes appear to\n be distinct from those seen in mammal. We propose that the\n different subtypes of RG cells in the adult turtle perform\n distinct functions.\",\n journal = \"Neurogenesis (Austin)\",\n volume = 1,\n number = 1,\n pages = \"e970905\",\n month = dec,\n year = 2014,\n keywords = \"adult; development; neurogenesis; radial glia; telencephalon;\n turtle; ventricular zone\",\n language = \"en\"\n}\n\n","author_short":["Clinton, B. K","Cunningham, C. L","Kriegstein, A. R","Noctor, S. 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