Prototyping and Evaluation of Infrastructure-Assisted Transition of Control for Cooperative Automated Vehicles. Coll-Perales, B., Schulte-Tigges, J., Rondinone, M., Gozalvez, J., Reke, M., Matheis, D., & Walter, T. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(7):6720–6736, July, 2022.
Prototyping and Evaluation of Infrastructure-Assisted Transition of Control for Cooperative Automated Vehicles [link]Ieeexpl  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Automated driving is now possible in diverse road and traffic conditions. However, there are still situations that automated vehicles cannot handle safely and efficiently. In this case, a Transition of Control (ToC) is necessary so that the driver takes control of the driving. Executing a ToC requires the driver to get full situation awareness of the driving environment. If the driver fails to get back the control in a limited time, a Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM) is executed to bring the vehicle into a safe state (e.g., decelerating to full stop). The execution of ToCs requires some time and can cause traffic disruption and safety risks that increase if several vehicles execute ToCs/MRMs at similar times and in the same area. This study proposes to use novel C-ITS traffic management measures where the infrastructure exploits V2X communications to assist Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in the execution of ToCs. The infrastructure can suggest a spatial distribution of ToCs, and inform vehicles of the locations where they could execute a safe stop in case of MRM. This paper reports the first field operational tests that validate the feasibility and quantify the benefits of the proposed infrastructure-assisted ToC and MRM management. The paper also presents the CAV and roadside infrastructure prototypes implemented and used in the trials. The conducted field trials demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted traffic management solutions can reduce safety risks and traffic disruptions.
@ARTICLE{ Coll-Perales-etAl_T-ITS2021_Prototyping-Evalution-ToC,
  author       = {Coll-Perales, Baldomero and Schulte-Tigges, Joschua
                  and Rondinone, Michele and Gozalvez, Javier and
                  Reke, Michael and Matheis, Dominik and Walter,
                  Thomas},
  title        = {Prototyping and Evaluation of Infrastructure-Assisted Transition of Control for Cooperative Automated Vehicles}, 
  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, 
  year         = {2022},
  volume       = {23},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {6720--6736},
  url_ieeexpl  = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9369993},
  doi          = {10.1109/TITS.2021.3061085},
  ISSN         = {1558-0016},
  month        = {July},
  keywords     = {ADP; Vehicles; Roads; Prototypes; Proposals;
                  Automation; Area measurement; Vehicle-to-everything;
                  Automated driving; automated vehicles; connected
                  automated vehicles; CAV; experimental evaluation;
                  field tests; minimum risk maneuver; MRM; prototype;
                  transition of control; ToC; take over request;
                  traffic management; V2X},
  abstract     = {Automated driving is now possible in diverse road and
                  traffic conditions. However, there are still
                  situations that automated vehicles cannot handle
                  safely and efficiently. In this case, a Transition
                  of Control (ToC) is necessary so that the driver
                  takes control of the driving. Executing a ToC
                  requires the driver to get full situation awareness
                  of the driving environment. If the driver fails to
                  get back the control in a limited time, a Minimum
                  Risk Maneuver (MRM) is executed to bring the vehicle
                  into a safe state (e.g., decelerating to full
                  stop). The execution of ToCs requires some time and
                  can cause traffic disruption and safety risks that
                  increase if several vehicles execute ToCs/MRMs at
                  similar times and in the same area. This study
                  proposes to use novel C-ITS traffic management
                  measures where the infrastructure exploits V2X
                  communications to assist Connected and Automated
                  Vehicles (CAVs) in the execution of ToCs. The
                  infrastructure can suggest a spatial distribution of
                  ToCs, and inform vehicles of the locations where
                  they could execute a safe stop in case of MRM. This
                  paper reports the first field operational tests that
                  validate the feasibility and quantify the benefits
                  of the proposed infrastructure-assisted ToC and MRM
                  management. The paper also presents the CAV and
                  roadside infrastructure prototypes implemented and
                  used in the trials. The conducted field trials
                  demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted traffic
                  management solutions can reduce safety risks and
                  traffic disruptions.},
}

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