An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness. Consortium, C., Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Lepauvre, A., Liu, L., Richter, D., Vidal, Y., Bonacchi, N., Brown, T., Sripad, P., Armendariz, M., Bendtz, K., Ghafari, T., Hetenyi, D., Jeschke, J., Kozma, C., Mazumder, D. R., Montenegro, S., Seedat, A., Sharafeldin, A., Yang, S., Baillet, S., Chalmers, D. J., Cichy, R. M., Fallon, F., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I., Blumenfeld, H., Lange, F. P. d., Devore, S., Jensen, O., Kreiman, G., Luo, H., Boly, M., Dehaene, S., Koch, C., Tononi, G., Pitts, M., Mudrik, L., & Melloni, L. June, 2023. Pages: 2023.06.23.546249 Section: New Results
An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field3. Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT)4,5 and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)6–10, employing a theory-neutral consortium approach11,12. We investigate neural correlates of the content and duration of visual experience. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, and their interpretation12. 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electrocorticography. We find information about conscious content in visual, ventro-temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results confirm some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging both theories: for IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in prefrontal cortex. Beyond challenging the theories themselves, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through a principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. We highlight the challenges to change people’s mind 13 and the need for a quantitative framework integrating evidence for systematic theory testing and building.
@misc{consortium_adversarial_2023,
	title = {An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness},
	copyright = {© 2023, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},
	url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546249v2},
	doi = {10.1101/2023.06.23.546249},
	abstract = {Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field3. Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT)4,5 and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)6–10, employing a theory-neutral consortium approach11,12. We investigate neural correlates of the content and duration of visual experience. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, and their interpretation12. 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electrocorticography. We find information about conscious content in visual, ventro-temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results confirm some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging both theories: for IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in prefrontal cortex. Beyond challenging the theories themselves, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through a principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. We highlight the challenges to change people’s mind 13 and the need for a quantitative framework integrating evidence for systematic theory testing and building.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-01-09},
	publisher = {bioRxiv},
	author = {Consortium, Cogitate and Ferrante, Oscar and Gorska-Klimowska, Urszula and Henin, Simon and Hirschhorn, Rony and Khalaf, Aya and Lepauvre, Alex and Liu, Ling and Richter, David and Vidal, Yamil and Bonacchi, Niccolò and Brown, Tanya and Sripad, Praveen and Armendariz, Marcelo and Bendtz, Katarina and Ghafari, Tara and Hetenyi, Dorottya and Jeschke, Jay and Kozma, Csaba and Mazumder, David R. and Montenegro, Stephanie and Seedat, Alia and Sharafeldin, Abdelrahman and Yang, Shujun and Baillet, Sylvain and Chalmers, David J. and Cichy, Radoslaw M. and Fallon, Francis and Panagiotaropoulos, Theofanis I. and Blumenfeld, Hal and Lange, Floris P. de and Devore, Sasha and Jensen, Ole and Kreiman, Gabriel and Luo, Huan and Boly, Melanie and Dehaene, Stanislas and Koch, Christof and Tononi, Giulio and Pitts, Michael and Mudrik, Liad and Melloni, Lucia},
	month = jun,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Pages: 2023.06.23.546249
Section: New Results},
}
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