When Grab Samples Just Won’t do: High-Quality High-Frequency Water Quality Monitoring. Copp, J. B., Pooni, P., Lai, W., Wang, X., Viveros, R., & Sekerinski, E. In 48th Annual WEAO Technical Symposium & OPCEA Exhibition, pages 1–4, April, 2019. Water Environment Association of Ontario.
When Grab Samples Just Won’t do: High-Quality High-Frequency Water Quality Monitoring [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
The adoption of water quality sensors in wastewater treatment facilities has created a need for protocols to assess the quality of the data. Typically, grab samples analyzed in the laboratory are used for recalibration or sensor matrix adjustments; however, this approach assumes no error in the laboratory-determined value and does not consider the errors in the sampling, sample preparation and laboratory procedures. The goal of this project has been three-fold: what level of error exists in the laboratory values; what level of sensor maintenance is required to improve the measurement accuracy; and, what advantages are gained by the short-term installation of high-frequency sensors. This paper discusses the installation of an RSM30 self-contained monitoring station with two high-frequency ammonia sensors in the primary effluent of the Dundas WWTP. The monitoring provided dynamic loading information for modelling purposes and an opportunity to study the impacts of maintenance on data quality.

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