Neoliberal policy refugia: The death and life of biodiversity offsetting in the European Union and its member states. Corbera, E., Lave, R., Robertson, M., & Maestre-Andrés, S. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 46(2):255 – 269, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021. Cited by: 6; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access
Neoliberal policy refugia: The death and life of biodiversity offsetting in the European Union and its member states [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The past decade has been a dynamic one for biodiversity offsetting policy. Efforts to incorporate offsetting into the Convention on Biological Diversity as a compliance mechanism did not succeed. The expansion of offsetting outside of the Natura 2000 network in the European Union (EU), which looked all but inevitable in the early 2010s, was withdrawn in the face of unexpectedly strong opposition from environmental groups and the business sector. Highly publicised offsetting programmes in some EU countries have had mixed outcomes, and many observers describe offsetting as a failed policy. And yet four years of interviews and policy analysis in Brussels, Spain, and England suggest that reports of offsetting's death may be exaggerated. While the possibility of an overarching EU Directive aimed at harmonising offsetting policy and practice across the region's countries seems unlikely, in Spain, offsetting has returned to the national policy arena via adoption as an implementation tool within the national Green Infrastructure Strategy. Offsetting in England persists in a handful of counties as a locally situated development strategy, and seems to have returned at the national level despite its spectacular flame-out in 2014. This is not, after all, a high-profile failure of neoliberal environmental policy. Rather, we see offsetting's persistence as a result of policy refugia: the retreat to small but amenable jurisdictions where offsetting policies can wait out inclement policy conditions and then emerge to recolonise the policy landscape when conditions improve. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). © 2021 The Authors. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Geographical Society (with The Institute of British Geographers).
@ARTICLE{Corbera2021255,
	author = {Corbera, Esteve and Lave, Rebecca and Robertson, Morgan and Maestre-Andrés, Sara},
	title = {Neoliberal policy refugia: The death and life of biodiversity offsetting in the European Union and its member states},
	year = {2021},
	journal = {Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers},
	volume = {46},
	number = {2},
	pages = {255 – 269},
	doi = {10.1111/tran.12434},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102446845&doi=10.1111%2ftran.12434&partnerID=40&md5=150dcad831cb15ba07d439fa017718e2},
	affiliations = {Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Geography, Indiana University – Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain},
	abstract = {The past decade has been a dynamic one for biodiversity offsetting policy. Efforts to incorporate offsetting into the Convention on Biological Diversity as a compliance mechanism did not succeed. The expansion of offsetting outside of the Natura 2000 network in the European Union (EU), which looked all but inevitable in the early 2010s, was withdrawn in the face of unexpectedly strong opposition from environmental groups and the business sector. Highly publicised offsetting programmes in some EU countries have had mixed outcomes, and many observers describe offsetting as a failed policy. And yet four years of interviews and policy analysis in Brussels, Spain, and England suggest that reports of offsetting's death may be exaggerated. While the possibility of an overarching EU Directive aimed at harmonising offsetting policy and practice across the region's countries seems unlikely, in Spain, offsetting has returned to the national policy arena via adoption as an implementation tool within the national Green Infrastructure Strategy. Offsetting in England persists in a handful of counties as a locally situated development strategy, and seems to have returned at the national level despite its spectacular flame-out in 2014. This is not, after all, a high-profile failure of neoliberal environmental policy. Rather, we see offsetting's persistence as a result of policy refugia: the retreat to small but amenable jurisdictions where offsetting policies can wait out inclement policy conditions and then emerge to recolonise the policy landscape when conditions improve. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). © 2021 The Authors. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Geographical Society (with The Institute of British Geographers).},
	author_keywords = {England; European Union; interviews; neoliberal conservation; offsetting; Spain},
	keywords = {Belgium; Brussels [Belgium]; Brussels [Brussels (RGA)]; England; Spain; United Kingdom; biodiversity; environmental monitoring; environmental policy; European Union; neoliberalism; policy implementation},
	correspondence_address = {E. Corbera; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; email: esteve.corbera@uab.cat},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	issn = {00202754},
	language = {English},
	abbrev_source_title = {Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr.},
	type = {Article},
	publication_stage = {Final},
	source = {Scopus},
	note = {Cited by: 6; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access}
}
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