Microarthropods. Crossley, D. & Coleman, D. Malcom E, 1999.
Microarthropods. [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Soil microarthropods are a major fraction of the mesofauna, namely, those arthropods with body widths ranging between approximately 0.1 and 2 mm, and body lengths between 0.2 mm and 10 mm. This scheme of classification, although imprecise, is practical, defined by the method of sampling. Microarthropods are sampled by collecting a fragment of habitat (e.g., a soil core) and extracting them from it, macroarthropods are collected by hand sorting, pitfall trapping, or other methods dealing with individuals. Microarthropods are dominated by two groups; the mites (Acari) and the springtails (Insect order Collembola). Together, mites and springtails account for about 90% of the microarthropods in most soil systems. Also included in this group, among other, are the Protura, Pauropoda, dipteran larvae, small spiders, pseudoscorpions, some Homoptera and Coleoptera, and thrips. Immature stages of many insect Orders are collected from soil samples, and some may be considered microarthropods for purposes of a particular study. These minor groups typically constitute less than 10% of the total number of microarthropods Numbers of microarthropods in soil systems range upwards to 2000,000 m-2 or more. Forested systems generally support higher microarthropod population densities than do grasslands, deserts, or agricultural systems, with densities being higher in soils from temperate that tropical forests, and coniferous than deciduous forests. Soils in agroecosystems may have sparse populations, although numbers increase under conservation tillage management. Together with protozoans, nematodes and other small soil fauna, the microarthropods make up a food web of several trophic levels, driven by energy sources from decomposing residues and mobilizing nutrient elements.

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