Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant N uptake

Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant N uptake. Dannenmann, M., Yankelzon, I., Wähling, S., Ramm, E., Schreiber, M., Ostler, U., Schlingmann, M., Stange, C. F., Kiese, R., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Friedl, J., & Scheer, C. Biology and Fertility of Soils, May, 2024.

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Abstract Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitrate (NO 3 − ) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N 2 ) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly 15 N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha −1 ) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry 15 N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N 2 , N 2 O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ), N 2 as well N 2 O losses at about 20 kg N ha −1 were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH 3 . Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha −1 ) were negligible, while N 2 emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha −1 . The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha −1 , with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.

@article{dannenmann_fates_2024,
	title = {Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant {N} uptake},
	issn = {0178-2762, 1432-0789},
	shorttitle = {Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9},
	doi = {10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9},
	abstract = {Abstract
            
              Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH
              3
              ), nitrous oxide (N
              2
              O), and nitrate (NO
              3
              −
              ) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N
              2
              ) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly
              15
              N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha
              −1
              ) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry
              15
              N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N
              2
              , N
              2
              O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH
              3
              ), N
              2
              as well N
              2
              O losses at about 20 kg N ha
              −1
              were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH
              3
              . Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha
              −1
              ) were negligible, while N
              2
              emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha
              −1
              . The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha
              −1
              , with 33\% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25\% was recovered in the soil and 25\% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-11-26},
	journal = {Biology and Fertility of Soils},
	author = {Dannenmann, Michael and Yankelzon, Irina and Wähling, Svenja and Ramm, Elisabeth and Schreiber, Mirella and Ostler, Ulrike and Schlingmann, Marcus and Stange, Claus Florian and Kiese, Ralf and Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus and Friedl, Johannes and Scheer, Clemens},
	month = may,
	year = {2024},
}

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We traced the slurry 15 N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N 2 , N 2 O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH 3 ), N 2 as well N 2 O losses at about 20 kg N ha −1 were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH 3 . Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha −1 ) were negligible, while N 2 emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha −1 . The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha −1 , with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. 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Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N\n 2\n ) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly\n 15\n N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha\n −1\n ) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry\n 15\n N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N\n 2\n , N\n 2\n O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH\n 3\n ), N\n 2\n as well N\n 2\n O losses at about 20 kg N ha\n −1\n were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH\n 3\n . Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha\n −1\n ) were negligible, while N\n 2\n emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha\n −1\n . The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. 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