@article{RN249,
   author = {Davalos, R. V. and Rubinsky, B. and Mir, L. M.},
   title = {Theoretical analysis of the thermal effects during in vivo tissue electroporation},
   journal = {Bioelectrochemistry},
   volume = {61},
   number = {1-2},
   pages = {99-107},
   note = {Davalos, Rafael V
Rubinsky, Boris
Mir, Lluis M
1 R21 RR15252-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Netherlands
2003/12/04
Bioelectrochemistry. 2003 Oct;61(1-2):99-107. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.07.001.},
   abstract = {Tissue electroporation is a technique that facilitates the introduction of molecules into cells by applying a series of short electric pulses to specific areas of the body. These pulses temporarily increase the permeability of the cell membrane to small drugs and macromolecules. The goal of this paper is to provide information on the thermal effects of these electric pulses for consideration when designing electroporation protocols. The parameters investigated include electrode geometry, blood flow, metabolic heat generation, pulse frequency, and heat dissipation through the electrodes. Basic finite-element models were created in order to gain insight and weigh the importance of each parameter. The results suggest that for plate electrodes, the energy from the pulse may be used to adequately estimate the heating in the tissue. However, for needle electrodes, the geometry, i.e. spacing and diameter, and pulse frequency are critical when determining the thermal distribution in the tissue.},
   keywords = {Animals
Electrodes
*Electroporation
*Hot Temperature
Liver/physiology
*Models, Biological
Muscles/*physiology
Rats
Regional Blood Flow
Thermal Conductivity
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {1567-5394 (Print)
1567-5394},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.07.001},
   year = {2003},
   type = {Journal Article}
}