The role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism: Discordance between molecular and phenotypic data. Dean, R. & Mank, J., E. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27(7):1443-1453, 2014.
The role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism: Discordance between molecular and phenotypic data [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
In addition to initial sex determination, genes on the sex chromosomes are theorized to play a particularly important role in phenotypic differences between males and females. Sex chromosomes in many species display molecular signatures consistent with these theoretical predictions, particu- larly through sex-specific gene expression. However, the phenotypic impli- cations of this molecular signature are unresolved, and the role of the sex chromosomes in quantitative genetic studies of phenotypic sex differences is largely equivocal. In this article, we examine molecular and phenotypic data in the light of theoretical predictions about masculinization and feminiza- tion of the sex chromosomes. Additionally, we discuss the role of genetic and regulatory complexities in the genome–phenotype relationship, and ultimately how these affect the overall role of the sex chromosomes in sex differences.

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