@article{ ISI:000313769600045,
Author = {de Bruyn, Paul and Murua, Hilario and Aranda, Martin},
Title = {{The Precautionary approach to fisheries management: How this is taken
   into account by Tuna regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs)}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{38}},
Pages = {{397-406}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{For several decades it has been acknowledged that there is an urgent
   need for new approaches to fisheries management, embracing conservation
   and environmental considerations. The voluntary Code of Conduct on
   Responsible Fishing and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement provide
   the formal basis for the Precautionary Approach to fisheries management.
   Some tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations such as the WCPFC
   and IATTC make explicit mention of these codes in their conventions,
   whilst others, whose conventions do not explicitly address the
   Precautionary Approach, are searching for ways in which to take these
   codes into consideration. In practical terms, the scientific obligations
   to Precautionary Approaches are to determine the status of the stock(s)
   relative to limit and target reference points, to predict outcomes of
   management alternatives for reaching the targets and avoiding the
   limits, and to characterise the uncertainty in both cases. A convenient
   framework to conduct management evaluations is through the use of
   harvest control rules, for which managers agree on specific management
   actions under their control which are evoked according to levels of
   stock status relative to predefined reference points. These pre-agreed
   management actions are then simulated for a range of scenarios. This
   paper presents the ways in which tuna RFMOs are currently incorporating
   the precautionary approach in their fisheries management as well as
   suggestions for possible best practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{de Bruyn, P (Reprint Author), ICCAT, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   de Bruyn, Paul; Murua, Hilario; Aranda, Martin, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20100, Basque Country, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2012.06.019}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
Keywords = {{Precautionary approach; Tuna RFMOs; Uncertainty; Reference points}},
Keywords-Plus = {{REAL OPTIONS; STRATEGIES; FRAMEWORK; ADVICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{paul.debruyn@iccat.int}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{073UW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000313769600045}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

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The voluntary Code of Conduct on Responsible Fishing and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement provide the formal basis for the Precautionary Approach to fisheries management. Some tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations such as the WCPFC and IATTC make explicit mention of these codes in their conventions, whilst others, whose conventions do not explicitly address the Precautionary Approach, are searching for ways in which to take these codes into consideration. In practical terms, the scientific obligations to Precautionary Approaches are to determine the status of the stock(s) relative to limit and target reference points, to predict outcomes of management alternatives for reaching the targets and avoiding the limits, and to characterise the uncertainty in both cases. A convenient framework to conduct management evaluations is through the use of harvest control rules, for which managers agree on specific management actions under their control which are evoked according to levels of stock status relative to predefined reference points. These pre-agreed management actions are then simulated for a range of scenarios. This paper presents the ways in which tuna RFMOs are currently incorporating the precautionary approach in their fisheries management as well as suggestions for possible best practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 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