@article{de_lange_taenia_2020,
abstract = {Larvae of the cestodes
Taenia solium
and
Taenia crassiceps
infect the central nervous system of humans.
Taenia solium
larvae in the brain cause neurocysticercosis, the leading cause of adult-acquired epilepsy worldwide. Relatively little is understood about how cestode-derived products modulate host neural and immune signalling. Acetylcholinesterases, a class of enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, are produced by a host of parasitic worms to aid their survival in the host. Acetylcholine is an important signalling molecule in both the human nervous and immune systems, with powerful modulatory effects on the excitability of cortical networks. Therefore, it is important to establish whether cestode derived acetylcholinesterases may alter host neuronal cholinergic signalling. Here we make use of multiple techniques to profile acetylcholinesterase activity in different extracts of both
Taenia crassiceps
and
Taenia solium
larvae. We find that the larvae of both species contain substantial acetylcholinesterase activity. However, acetylcholinesterase activity is lower in
Taenia solium
as compared to
Taenia crassiceps
larvae. Further, whilst we observed acetylcholinesterase activity in all fractions of
Taenia crassiceps
larvae, including on the membrane surface and in the excreted/secreted extracts, we could not identify acetylcholinesterases on the membrane surface or in the excreted/secreted extracts of
Taenia solium
larvae. Bioinformatic analysis revealed conservation of the functional protein domains in the
Taenia solium
acetylcholinesterases, when compared to the homologous human sequence. Finally, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in rat hippocampal brain slice cultures, we demonstrate that
Taenia
larval derived acetylcholinesterases can break down acetylcholine at a concentration which induces changes in neuronal signalling. Together, these findings highlight the possibility that
Taenia
larval acetylcholinesterases can interfere with cholinergic signalling in the host, potentially contributing to pathogenesis in neurocysticercosis.},
author = {{De Lange}, Anja and Prodjinotho, Ulrich Fabien and Tomes, Hayley and Hagen, Jana and Jacobs, Brittany-Amber and Smith, Katherine and Horsnell, William and Sikasunge, Chummy and Hockman, Dorit and Selkirk, Murray E and {Prazeres Da Costa}, Clarissa and Raimondo, Joseph Valentino},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008966},
editor = {Mitre, Edward},
file = {:Users/jacquelinebracher/Zotero/storage/GR23EQTD/De Lange et al. - 2020 - Taenia larvae possess distinct acetylcholinesteras.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1935-2735},
journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {e0008966},
title = {{Taenia larvae possess distinct acetylcholinesterase profiles with implications for host cholinergic signalling}},
url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008966},
volume = {14},
year = {2020}
}

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Acetylcholine is an important signalling molecule in both the human nervous and immune systems, with powerful modulatory effects on the excitability of cortical networks. Therefore, it is important to establish whether cestode derived acetylcholinesterases may alter host neuronal cholinergic signalling. Here we make use of multiple techniques to profile acetylcholinesterase activity in different extracts of both Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium larvae. We find that the larvae of both species contain substantial acetylcholinesterase activity. However, acetylcholinesterase activity is lower in Taenia solium as compared to Taenia crassiceps larvae. Further, whilst we observed acetylcholinesterase activity in all fractions of Taenia crassiceps larvae, including on the membrane surface and in the excreted/secreted extracts, we could not identify acetylcholinesterases on the membrane surface or in the excreted/secreted extracts of Taenia solium larvae. Bioinformatic analysis revealed conservation of the functional protein domains in the Taenia solium acetylcholinesterases, when compared to the homologous human sequence. Finally, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in rat hippocampal brain slice cultures, we demonstrate that Taenia larval derived acetylcholinesterases can break down acetylcholine at a concentration which induces changes in neuronal signalling. 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Relatively little is understood about how cestode-derived products modulate host neural and immune signalling. Acetylcholinesterases, a class of enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, are produced by a host of parasitic worms to aid their survival in the host. Acetylcholine is an important signalling molecule in both the human nervous and immune systems, with powerful modulatory effects on the excitability of cortical networks. Therefore, it is important to establish whether cestode derived acetylcholinesterases may alter host neuronal cholinergic signalling. Here we make use of multiple techniques to profile acetylcholinesterase activity in different extracts of both\nTaenia crassiceps\nand\nTaenia solium\nlarvae. We find that the larvae of both species contain substantial acetylcholinesterase activity. However, acetylcholinesterase activity is lower in\nTaenia solium\nas compared to\nTaenia crassiceps\nlarvae. Further, whilst we observed acetylcholinesterase activity in all fractions of\nTaenia crassiceps\nlarvae, including on the membrane surface and in the excreted/secreted extracts, we could not identify acetylcholinesterases on the membrane surface or in the excreted/secreted extracts of\nTaenia solium\nlarvae. Bioinformatic analysis revealed conservation of the functional protein domains in the\nTaenia solium\nacetylcholinesterases, when compared to the homologous human sequence. Finally, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in rat hippocampal brain slice cultures, we demonstrate that\nTaenia\nlarval derived acetylcholinesterases can break down acetylcholine at a concentration which induces changes in neuronal signalling. 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